Open Pit Gold Mining Video

Blasting in open pit mine

Open-pit gold mining is the process of mining by way of excavation which was made on the surface of the soil with the aim of finding gold mineral ores and worked for the mine life. In the exposing stage and the process of mineral ore mine in open-pit gold mining, is generally carried out in the gold mining industry on a large scale which required the excavation process and move the rocks in large quantities. In the mining industry, gold obtained by isolating it from rock gold ore (extraction). According to Greenwood et al (1989), rock gold ore decent to be exploited as the gold mining industry, gold content of approximately 25 g / tonne (25 ppm).

Open-pit gold mining the have main objective of the commercial value and open mining operations undertaken with the value of the lowest possible cost in the exploitation of mineral deposits and generate maximum profit. Planning, Selection of the physical design parameters of open pit mining, scheduling program for the extraction of mineral ores is an important stage in the open-pit gold mining.

Gold Smelting Process In The Gold Mining Industry ( Video )

Gold smelting process is the most important in the final stages of processing the gold. In the gold mining industry the smelting process used to make a Dor Bar and purification process that utilizes heat with a temperature high pressure. In general, the most basic definition of a gold smelting is the final stage of the process of refining gold from gold processing.

Before stage gold smelting process, The mining industry carry out a gold mineral mining activities from the earth, where the mining process through several stages of processing. The process of extracting and gold mineral search is an initial stage of mining. Then proceed to the processing of minerals from the mining area to the into mineral processing systems. Some ways of processing the gold minerals in the mining industry before the final stage gold smelting process, such as the processing of gold by Heap leaching methods, flotation process which produces mineral ore concentrate, tank leaching process is the processing of gold by washing or the process of dissulotion gold from mineral rock in the tank which would later produce a mineral concentrate gold ore.

Froth Flotation Process Of Copper Ore Video

Froth Flotation Process Of Copper Ore

Copper came from most of the continents in the world. As in all mining operations, the ore must usually be beneficiated (concentrated). To get the copper content of the ore, then need a copper extraction process which consists of a series of chemical processes, physical, and a process by means of electrochemical. The extraction process can be done by froth flotation process of copper ore, because it is considered a very practical way in the copper mining industry

Froth flotation process is considered the most widely used method for ore beneficiation. In copper ore flotation is a precious mineral separation process from of ingredients worthless or other valuable minerals by a induce process the mineral ore, so that ore minerals can accumulate and be on the surface of the foam.

Video of the copper flotation process in this below is a separation process   the copper minerals at the mill using froth flotation.

Processing Of Underground Gold Mines ( Videos )

Underground mining process is done when the mineral stone, or precious metals found in very long distances to be at a depth of soil. Underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, mainly those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds. And The processing of underground gold mines is used where the depth of mineral ore below the surface makes open-cut mining uneconomic

Find Gold Prospecting In Beach ( Videos )

Gold prospecting in beach is an accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation during sedimentary processes and in geology called placer deposits . Beach placers form on seashores where wave action and shore currents shift materials, the lighter more rapidly than the heavier, thus concentrating gold .

Placer environments typically contain black sand, a conspicuous shiny black mixture of iron oxides, mostly magnetite with variable amounts of ilmenite and hematite. Valuable mineral components often occurring with black sands are monazite, rutile, zircon, chromite, wolframite, and cassiterite.

Among the examples of beach placers are the gold deposits of Nome, Alaska; the zircon sands of Brazil and Australia; the black sands (magnetite) of Oregon and California; and the diamond-bearing marine gravels of Namaqualand, South Africa.

Test Of Copper Ore With Sulfuric Acid ( H2SO4 ) Videos

Copper extraction techniques refers to the methods for obtaining copper from its ores. The method used to extract Copper Ore depends on the nature of the mineral ore. Sulphide ores such as chalcopyrite are converted to copper by a different method from silicate, carbonate or sulphate ores.

Copper can be extracted from non-sulfide ores by a different process . Reaction of the ore (over quite a long time and on a huge scale) with a dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid to produce a very dilute copper sulfate solution.

Gold Processing With Method Carbon In Pulp

        Gold processing methods with the Carbon in pulp are often used in large-scale gold mining processing, where the active carbon in pulp method used for recovery of gold ore minerals in the washing tank. Tanks that are used are usually equipped with an agitator and air bubbles equipment and tools are designed to maintain solids in suspension in the slurry, and the achievement of leaching. In the process adsorption ore minerals in the soil material condition of the tank should be good enough to form a slurry that can flow under gravity or when pumped. To form a slurry, mineral ore in the mix with water and the reagent was added to the tank to get the gold leaching reaction

How to work the gold extraction process with carbon adsorption in the pulp can be explained by the following system

Top 10 World Gold Mines Production 2015

      Gold is regarded as one of the most precious metals in the world, which accounts for its increasing demand as well as rising prices. Gold mining industry the past year has changed in global gold production rankings, both by country and by company. 

      Gold is mined in around 90 countries worldwide. Some of the countries that historically have been top producers continue to be so, including Australia, Canada, the USA and South Africa. But China is now the world’s top producer, having increased productivity significantly since 2005. 

       It is interesting to see how the major gold mines in world are faring in the grand scheme of things – both nationally and by company, given the continuing lowish gold prices pertaining over the past two to three years. While one may sometimes argue with the methodology, and how to find gold mines

 Here are the world’s top gold-producing countries from 2014, as reported by the USGS

1. CHINA  

China’s gold output continues to grow, and the country kept the top spot for the eighth year in a row, Reuters reported. Last year, China’s production grew over 5 percent, hitting about 450 metric tons. As well as being the world’s largest producer of gold, China represents one of the most significant markets for gold consumption. In 2011, China was second only to India in this regard with demand for 779.8 tonnes of gold, a 22% increase on the previous year and with consumption reaching approximately 886 metric tons​ in 2014. Though that’s a considerable number, it’s actually down 24.7 percent from 2013. ”Although 2014 gold consumption fell by a large margin, the (longer-term) trend of increasing demand has not changed,” the China Gold Association noted. China is also a significant holder of gold reserves, currently behind only USA, Germany, the IMF, Italy and France.

2. AUSTRALIA

Australia’s growth in gold production for 2014 put the country in the number-two spot for the year, reaching approximately 270 metric tons. That represents an increase from the 2013 level and is the highest production rate by the country since 2003. While growth was strong all year, production reached a high of 73 metric tons for the fourth quarter. Australia continues to be at the forefront of world gold production. From being the fourth largest producer of gold in 2008, Australia’s production has surged to secure the country’s position as the world’s second largest producer of gold in both 2009 and 2010. Australia has consistently been one of the world’s largest producers of gold since its first gold rush, centred on Victoria in 1851. During the 1850’s, Australia was producing some 40% of the world’s gold. The immigration sparked by the rush, fuelled further agricultural and industrial development and saw nearly 500,000 people attracted to the state of Victoria.

3. RUSSIA 

Russia saw a significant rise in gold production in 2014, leading the country to surpass the US for the first time in 25 years, RT reported. According to a report from Russia Beyond the Headlines, the country’s production increased 27 percent in the first half of 2014 alone. Sergey Donskoy, minister of Russian Natural Resources and Environment, said 270 mineral deposits were discovered in Russia over the past five years, even though the country is not considered a leader in mineral exploration investment. “This, in our opinion, has negative consequences, including a negative impact on the social and economic development of the regions,” Donskoy said. Russia produced 209 tonnes of gold in 2011, a 3.6% increase on the previous year. Of this, 89% (185.3 tonnes) was mined, the rest from recycled sources or by-products of other mining. Two thirds of Russian gold production is estimated to come from six eastern ‘federal subjects’ in the country: Amur, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Magadan, and Sakha-Yakutia. Russia is both the fourth largest producer of gold and the fourth largest market for gold jewellery. In 2011 the Russian jewellery market absorbed 75.1 tonnes of gold. The largest gold producer in Russia is Polyus, who operate the Olympiada mine, currently the single biggest producer of Russian gold. In 2011 it produced 720 Koz. World Gold Council member Kinross operate the Kupol mine, the second biggest producer, which in 2011 produced 486 Koz

4. UNITED STATES

While gold production dropped about 8 percent from 2013, the US still made the latest list of top 10 gold-producing countries, putting out about 211 metric tons of the yellow metal last year. The country has about 45 lode mines, a few large placer mines in Alaska and numerous small mines in Alaska and other western states. Of these operations, 30 produced more than 99 percent of the total amount mined. Interestingly, Mining Global reported that there’s a trend of gold mining companies earning more money from US -based mines than from operations anywhere else in the world. Historically, three quarters of United States gold has come from just five states: Nevada, Alaska, California, Colorado and South Dakota. Today, despite being known as the ‘Silver State’, Nevada is responsible for some 74% of the United States’ total production of gold, contributing more than 10% of State GDP

Process Electrowinning For Gold Mining

Electrowinning is an electrochemical process used to reduce the metal cations to the cathode surface of an aqueous solution derived from the chemical leaching proces. Electrowinning or often referred to as electroextraction is the electrodeposition of metals from ore minerals that have dissolved into the liquid and will be processed using Electrorefining to remove impurities from the metal. Electrowinning an electrolytic process that is very old in the mining industry. 

The English chemist Humphry Davy first obtained sodium metal in the form of the element in 1807 by electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide. And then in 1847 Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg first to show an experiment about Electrorefining copper. Then James Elkington patented a commercial process in 1865 and successfully opened the first factory in Pembrey, Wales in 1870. The first commercial plant in the United States is Balbach and Sons Refining and smelting Company in Newark, New Jersey in 1883

     Electrowinning is applied to a variety of chemical solutions that are found in large mining industry. This process involves the use of alkaline cyanide solution as an electrolyte in a cell as the anode and cathode, among others, can use:

ANODE      ( - )	GOLD 99,99 %	STAINLESS STEEL 316	DICOATING MERKURY COPPER	IRON
CATHODE  ( + )	SILVER  99,99	STAINLESS STEEL 316	TIN	ALUMINUM

Cell reaction that occurs is: Merkury dicoating Copper, Lead, Iron, Aluminum
Anode: 2OH-→ O2 + H2O + 2e-
Cathode: 2Au (CN) 2 - + 2e-→ 2Au + 4CN-
Overall: 2Au (CN) 2 - + 2OH-→ 2Au + O2 + H2O + 4CN-

     

Video How To Retort Mercury

      Result of the amalgamation process will leave the mercury in the gold mineral content, and therefore we have to do retort mercury to separate gold and mercury metal, prior to the melting process. This is a simple video, how to work the mercury retort process, in which the separation of the metal results from the amalgamation with mercury. And this is the simplest way that can be used in the process of using a mercury retort stainless pipes, if you are away from the retort equipment sales are sold on the market.

     In the retort process, the combustion in the pipe runs approximately 10 minutes, then slowly the mercury will drop down into the pot which had contained water. Where the results of the retort process is able to separate the mercury content in the metal, prior to the smelting process. To see in detail the equipment in this gold mercury retort you can visit other pages of this site.

And keep in mind that in the metallic mineral processing, you should always use a mask as a safety device.
 

Click Here The materials used in the process of gold mercury retort

Blasting In The Mining Process

Blasting activities at the mine is one of the activities that are deemed to have a high enough risk. But that does not mean those activities can not be controlled. Process control these activities can be started from the process of mixing explosives ingredients, the process of filling the holes with explosives into explosive, stringing process and firing process. 

In this case an important role is to control the firing process. in a blasting operation was preceded by drilling in the mining that aims to make the hole shot. Bullet hole itself will be filled by the explosive advance in the content of the material or sand, called the Sub-drilling blasting is not intended to make results happen toes or bumps on the floor of the mine that resulted in heavy equipment difficult to move when loading and transportation of blasting. 

After condition by a series of explosives such as TNT or ANFO is equipped with nonel, we then filled covering material called stemming function withstand pressure up to the energy produced by the explosive spread of direction and control every aspect of destroying rock beside him.

Thing to consider in the process of blasting the rock properties are important:

• Violence: Prisoners of a smooth surface to abrasion. 
• Violence is used to measure the technical properties of the rock material.
• Abrasiveness: Parameters that affect the wear (age) drill bit. Abrasiveness depending on the composition of rocks. Wear and tear on the drill bit is proportional to the composition of these rocks. The content of quartz in rocks is usually considered as a reliable guide to measure the wear of the drill bit (drill bit).
• Texture: grain structure of the rocks and can be classified based on the properties of porosity, density and grain size looseness. Texture also affects the speed of drilling.
• Structure: fractures, faults, schistosity and bedding areas of rock types, dip, strike.
• Breaking characteristic: describe the nature of the rock when hit with a hammer. Each rock type has a specific nature and degree of damage associated with the texture, mineral composition and structure

In a rock blasting operation will achieve optimum results when the equipment and the equipment used in accordance with the method of blasting is applied. And both of these can be divided into

Mining Design With Minescape

Minescape is mine modeling software designed specifically for the mining industry. Because it uses an open architecture, Minescape can accommodate all aspects of the management of technical information on the mine site, ranging from the data recording drill holes up to production scheduling.

The very foundation of the design features Minescape is an open and extensible. Minescape environment supports multiple products with a specific function which allows to interactively create and develop models of geology and mining plan in detail and three-dimensional (3D).  

Minescape designed for use by all professionals mines such as surveyors, geologists and mine engineers. Flexibility is owned by Minescape enable it to use in short-term mine planning and long term for coal and ore mines.Minescape has a display called the Graphical Task intuitive interface (GTI). GTI provides user interface is organized according to task so that your job will be easier, more efficient, and reduces training needs.  

Minescape using client / server architecture to take full advantage of networked computer environment. Minescape follow standards Motif ® to provide a consistent look and feel of these things will push the cost of training and operations through the use of more intuitive. Currently Minescape can be operated on UNIX and NT platforms.

Blasting Mining

Blasting in mining is blasting activities are conducted for the breakdown or divorce of a material's disarray (rocks) using explosives or an explosion process. Explosives are chemical explosives meant is defined as a single chemical compound or a mixture of solid, liquid, or mixtures thereof which, if given the action of heat, impact, friction or initial explosion will experience a very rapid exothermic chemical reaction and the reaction results in part or entirely gaseous accompanied by very high heat and pressure which is chemically more stable. Heat from the gas produced detonation reaction is approximately 4000 ° C. As for the pressure, according to Langerfors and Kihlstrom (1978), could reach more than 100,000 atm or equivalent 9850 MPa (»10 000 MPa). While the energy in units of time which caused about 25,000 MW, or 5.95 million kcal / s. It should be understood that the energy is so great it's not really reflect the amount of energy stored in explosives so great, but this condition occurs due to blasting a very fast reaction, which ranges between 2500 - 7500 meters / second (m / s). Therefore, the energy force only happens a few seconds which gradually decreased with the development of rock collapse.

Classification Of Explosives

Mining Activities In The Open Mine

Open pit is an excavation carried out on the surface of land that is intended to take the materials in the ore minerals in the soil surface. Surface mining is one of two known mining systems, namely the open mines and underground mines. where all the activities or mining activities conducted on or relatively near the earth's surface and the workplace is directly related to the outside world.

Mining the open pit itself is done with several stages of the process of work which includes:

• The Preparation Stage 
• Mining Operations  
• Processing and Marketing 
• Reclamation

* The Preparation Stage

In the preparatory phase of mining activity performed early in the process of extraction or mining of minerals consists of the preparation phase or pre-mining process, and in this activity include: 

Mining Processing Operation

After the stage of preliminary exploration is known that the existing reserves have a good prospect with a review of knowledge or more accurate data regarding the depth, thickness, slope, and the spread of reserves in 3-Dimensions (length-width-thick) as well as data on the strength of rock sampling, groundwater conditions, and the spread of the structure, width and slope mines then conducted an exploratory stage in detail or commonly referred to as the exploitation of an activity carried out either in a simple (manual) or mechanical, including excavation, parsing, loading and transportation of minerals. Several phases of mining activities in outline are:

MINING METHOD

Mining is an activity Carried out either in a simple (manual) or mechanical, including Excavation, parsing, loading and transportation of minerals.

MINING METHOD TO BE SHARED:
A. Mine Open ( Surface Mining )

     Open pit is an opening made ​​in the ground, aiming to take the ore and Will be allowed to Remain Open (not dumped back) During the retrieval of ore is still ongoing. To reach the ore body of the which is Generally located at depth, is required stripping / overburden (waste rock) in large numbers. Open pit mining method is an activity of extracting minerals Such as coal, ore (ore), stones and so on where workers are directly related to climate and water outside. Open pit is also Called the open-cut mining; is the mining method used to dig mineral deposits exist on a rock that or close to the surface. This method is Suitable for horizontal ore body That allows it to Produce high and has a low cost. Although stripping and trenching included into the open pit mining, strip mining but is usually used for coal mining and quarry mining associated with the production of non metallic minerals Such as dimensions of rock, rock aggregates, etc. Mining activities are under the ground surface Sometimes, even its depth can reach Hundreds of meters Such as the open-pit copper (copper mine) Bingham Canyon in Utah (USA). The main objective of the mining operation is mining the lowest possible cost so That maximum benefit is achieved. The selection and scheduling of Various design parameters in the decision-ore and overburden stripping involves technical and economic considerations are complicated. That must be taken for the optimal compromise maximizing the between economic calculation and the existence of the limiting parameters for geological and other technical considerations.

B. Underground Mine ( Mine In )

      Underground mining refers to methods of making a mineral that is done by creating a tunnel to the location of the mineral.Various kinds of metals can be retrieved through this method such as gold, copper, zinc, nickel, and lead. Because the location of reserves generally are far below ground, the entrance needs to be made to reach the location of the backup. The entrance can be divided into several: Ramp, the entrance is a spiral-shaped or circular starting from the ground surface to the depth in question. Ramp is usually used for road vehicles or heavy equipment to and from underground.

•  Shaft, which form holes upright (vertical) were excavated from the surface into mineral reserves. Shaft is then fitted with a kind of lift that can be used to transport people, equipment, or ore
• Adit, namely tunnel (horizontal) which is generally made the side of a hill or mountain to the location of ore.

     There are two main stages in the underground mining methods: (development) and (production). At this stage of development, all of which are excavated rock worthless. Stages of development including road construction and excavation into underground facilities other. Medium stage of production is the work of digging the ore source itself. The place is called stope ore excavated (quarry).

     With all the work carried out in underground tunnels with a length that reaches thousands of meters, it would require a special effort for the air to all corners of the tunnel. This work is a task team of mine ventilation. In addition to supplying a sufficient amount of oxygen, ventilation must also ensure that all the dirty air tools diesel exhaust and toxic gases generated by blasting can be thrown out. To force the air to flow into the tunnel, a giant fan is used with a variety of sizes and mounting techniques. To maintain the stability of the tunnel is also necessary to support the tunnel. Various methods of buffering (ground support) has been developed. Optimal buffering will support continuation of performance and safety of all workers.

  

BASIC METHODS OF GOLD MINING

Methods of gold mining technique is strongly influenced by the characteristics of the area of mineral deposit formation. Where aspects of the Gold Deposit is affecting the way management. For all the impact of mining activities will be undertaken to minimize environmental damage resulting from mining activities. Prior to Mining Operations in a prospect area we must first know the conditions of the geographical structual soil conditions and Ganesa a deposition. Where will the mining will be done by way of open cut mining (open pit) or with the underground mine and all that can be seen from the element of gold deposits. For primary gold deposits can be mined by open mining (open pit) and underground mining. While the secondary gold deposits are generally mined by open pit.

      From the nature of major mineral deposit types, one of the mining activities in general in conducting the miners using underground mining system that mainly uses the method gophering to find gold ore veins or with an open system because the Veins Of Gold ore in the rock types that have the potential to spread evenly in the sample.