Types Of Gold Veins In The Mining

Gold vein is the outcropping of rocks and usually very often contain minerals of gold ore. In the process of vein formation is most common is gold veins that are not visible to the naked eye because it is usually always together with a mineral carrier such as quartz, sulfide, calcite and some clay minerals. And thickness of veins ranges from a few centimeters to four meters, and the length can reach several hundred meters and extending to a depth of more than 1,500 m. Some gold vein deposits are characterized by low sulphization and mineralogy consists of quartz, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite are lower. In some places, sulfides are accompanied by calcite and some silver minerals. It was noted that blood vessels may be in the transition between the gold-quartz-sulfide and carbonate-base metal gold, but also distinguished from each, by different mineralogy and environmental geology

Characteristics of Gold Ore Minerals

Some characteristic features of type ore mineral type

 Gold nuggets with large size of more than 2mm. And the Nuggets usually have a 20K or pure gold content of 83% to 92% or it could be  up to  23K. And this nugget of gold usually has shades of orange yellow color. The formation  of naturally occurring surface oxide layer that inhibits adhesion between the gold flakes. So when gold pieces collide with each other under pressure, they may be joined into larger sections. Another nugget may occur in the form of the original vein prior to erosion, often showing signs of abrasive  polishing  due to  the flow. For many gold nuggets found in outcrop or in a deposit of placer gold veins or lodes that have been weathered. Gold nuggets are also many who find the prospect of the river  area  where  the area  has a  metal  mineral content is very high. 

How To Identify Minerals In Rocks Of Gold Ore

Lots of people who may have difficulty in identifying the mineral gold ore in the rocks, especially for those who would lay the carrier rock type gold because gold is usually always accompanied with a kind of mineral carriers such as mineral pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrhotite, pentlandite, since mineral carriers is very very similar to the veins of gold ore. But for people who already have experience probably will not find it difficult to identify except gold ore or gold is very fine micro-crystals. In this situation, the gold can not be easily observed and to see a need for a tool like a magnifying glass or microscope to see the gold ores

These few simple characteristics that can be used in identifying the gold content of ore minerals contained in rock or ore :

Color : This mineral is metallic-colored variety, but depends also on the purity of gold. Sometimes gold is also colored a little pale from associating with silver metal content

Hardness: 2.5 to 3. Gold when forged with a hammer is not easily destroyed while the remaining fragile, will break and splinter when struck with a hammer. When both and placed in a pan of water, the gold will sink quickly and refused to move, the rest will sink slowly and mix with ease
Density: 15.6 to 19.3
The density varies depending on the dirt - a more pure heavy.
Gold: Usually in irregular, plate or mass scales, would rarely crystallizes. Gold is also found in groups of crystals similar to crystals Family elongated in the direction of octahedral axis. Irregular crystals distorted to the point of passing into the form of filiform, reticulated and dendritic.
Identification and Diagnostics
Easy to melt gold at 2.5 to 3. And do not easily dissolve in common acids but easily dissolved in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid (aqua regia).
        Although gold is a very rare element found widely in the wild but often do so even in small quantities and often in such small particles not visible to the naked eye, or as an aggregate of quartz crystals in the cavity. Phyrite almost always associated with gold and color similar to gold but phyrite easily destroyed if the forging with a hammer. Gold is the only mineral that will easily scratch, leaving the golden-yellow powder residue. Gold also occurs as microscopic and submicroscopic particles in sulfide minerals, mainly pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrhotite. All this often occurs in veins and zones of hydrothermal alteration and replacement. They occur as macroscopic grains and micro crystalline and crystalline.

The Origin Of Gold

The formation of gold through a process magmatisme on the surface as well as activities vulkanisma making it a consequence of the existence of native gold movements in the earth's heat or thermal. Some of the sediment formed by the process metasomatisme contacts and hydrothermal solutions, while the mechanical activity produces Lay or placer deposits. And genesis of gold be categorized into two namely:

• Primary deposition, which is a deposit of igneous rocks and gold form a vein (vein)
• Deposition plaser which is the origin of gold deposits of rock that has been eroded by water into a river stream and gold were deposited because of the specific weight of gold is high.

MINING METHOD

Mining is an activity Carried out either in a simple (manual) or mechanical, including Excavation, parsing, loading and transportation of minerals.

MINING METHOD TO BE SHARED:
A. Mine Open ( Surface Mining )

     Open pit is an opening made ​​in the ground, aiming to take the ore and Will be allowed to Remain Open (not dumped back) During the retrieval of ore is still ongoing. To reach the ore body of the which is Generally located at depth, is required stripping / overburden (waste rock) in large numbers. Open pit mining method is an activity of extracting minerals Such as coal, ore (ore), stones and so on where workers are directly related to climate and water outside. Open pit is also Called the open-cut mining; is the mining method used to dig mineral deposits exist on a rock that or close to the surface. This method is Suitable for horizontal ore body That allows it to Produce high and has a low cost. Although stripping and trenching included into the open pit mining, strip mining but is usually used for coal mining and quarry mining associated with the production of non metallic minerals Such as dimensions of rock, rock aggregates, etc. Mining activities are under the ground surface Sometimes, even its depth can reach Hundreds of meters Such as the open-pit copper (copper mine) Bingham Canyon in Utah (USA). The main objective of the mining operation is mining the lowest possible cost so That maximum benefit is achieved. The selection and scheduling of Various design parameters in the decision-ore and overburden stripping involves technical and economic considerations are complicated. That must be taken for the optimal compromise maximizing the between economic calculation and the existence of the limiting parameters for geological and other technical considerations.

B. Underground Mine ( Mine In )

      Underground mining refers to methods of making a mineral that is done by creating a tunnel to the location of the mineral.Various kinds of metals can be retrieved through this method such as gold, copper, zinc, nickel, and lead. Because the location of reserves generally are far below ground, the entrance needs to be made to reach the location of the backup. The entrance can be divided into several: Ramp, the entrance is a spiral-shaped or circular starting from the ground surface to the depth in question. Ramp is usually used for road vehicles or heavy equipment to and from underground.

•  Shaft, which form holes upright (vertical) were excavated from the surface into mineral reserves. Shaft is then fitted with a kind of lift that can be used to transport people, equipment, or ore
• Adit, namely tunnel (horizontal) which is generally made the side of a hill or mountain to the location of ore.

     There are two main stages in the underground mining methods: (development) and (production). At this stage of development, all of which are excavated rock worthless. Stages of development including road construction and excavation into underground facilities other. Medium stage of production is the work of digging the ore source itself. The place is called stope ore excavated (quarry).

     With all the work carried out in underground tunnels with a length that reaches thousands of meters, it would require a special effort for the air to all corners of the tunnel. This work is a task team of mine ventilation. In addition to supplying a sufficient amount of oxygen, ventilation must also ensure that all the dirty air tools diesel exhaust and toxic gases generated by blasting can be thrown out. To force the air to flow into the tunnel, a giant fan is used with a variety of sizes and mounting techniques. To maintain the stability of the tunnel is also necessary to support the tunnel. Various methods of buffering (ground support) has been developed. Optimal buffering will support continuation of performance and safety of all workers.