El Limon Mine In Nicaragua

The Limon mine constitute mine which located in northwestern Nicaragua Approximately 100 kilometers northwest of Managua, capital of Nicaragua. The property is easily accessed by paved highway and 15 km gravel pit road with a total road distance of 140 kilometers from Managua. The property extends along the border of the municipalities Larreynaga and Telica the Department of Leon and the municipalities of Chinandega and Villanueva of the department of Chinandega. 

The Limon Mine consists of 12,000 hectares of “Mina El Limon” mineral concession, issued for a period of 25 years and expiring in April 2027. Each mineral properties under the Nicaraguan mining law subject to an agreement by the Government of Nicaragua, which include the rights to develop,  to explore, for mine, extract, export and sale found mineral resources and made the concession. 

The el Limon mine are obliged to submit annual reports on its activities and production statistics to government . Escalating annual surface taxes are payable to the Nicaraguan government for the Mina El Limon mineral properties.

The surface tax  was US $ 4.00 per hectare in 2009 and a maximum  of US $ 12.00 per hectare in 2012 has been reached and will be maintained through the years that followed. 

B2Gold Company hold an indirect 95% interest in Triton Minera SA ( “Triton”), which owns and operates the Limon Mine, and holds three other mineral concessions, all at an exploration stage. The remaining 5% of Triton held  by IMISA. Triton holds directly or controls the surface rights for all of the property on which the current mining, milling, tailings and related facilities are located at the Limon Mine. 

Triton also owns a part of the surface rights to the properties. As required, Triton has negotiated and access agreements with individual surface rights holders in respect of these properties entered for which it does not hold the surface rights within the concession. All of the permits required for exploration, mining and milling activities are in place for the Limon Mine.

RG Exchangeco Inc., a subsidiary of Royal Gold, Inc., holds a 3% NSR royalty on the gold production  from the Limon Mine and certain other concessions.

The revenue from the Limon Mine is also subject to a 3% VAT payable on the production of gold to the Government of Nicaragua,  which is considered a deductible expense for purposes of computing corporate income tax.

Internacional de Comercial SA holds a license fee of 5% of net profit of Triton Mining (USA) LLC ( “Triton USA”) equal, indirect subsidiary, a holds 47.5% interest in the Limon Mine. The net profit from the difference between gross income defined on spending (all revenue from the operation of Triton USA their business is obtained) (where indicated as costs and as costs of Triton USA from its operations result, including working capital and operating costs, pay royalties, borrowing costs, taxes and Common selling and administrative expenses). 

Mineralization At The Limon Mine Nicaragua

The gold mineralization at the Limon Mine and northwestern Nicaragua is typical of low-sulphidation, quartz-adularia, epithermal systems. These deposits were formed in relatively shallow, typically from just below the surface to a little more than a kilometer deep.

To date, this is the only type of gold mineralization was found and reported in the tertiary rocks in northwestern Nicaragua. Silver is usually a commercially minor by-product of gold mineralization.

All gold production was hosted by quartz vein and quartz vein breccia deposits in the linear structural features and often accompanied minor pyrite and trace amounts of base metal sulphides.

Gold is dispersed generally to very fine-grained and relatively evenly across the higher grade portions of the veins. Only low incidence of disseminated or floor type epithermal precious metal mineralization reported. , Mineral deposits or deposits of other metals in the area not known

Three producing and past-producing vein systems do nearly all the gold from the Limon Mine District produced; these are the Limon, Santa Pancha and Talavera systems. A Large number of other weakly mineralized quartz veins have been identified and explored, some with smaller development and production

The productive vein systems are approximately 1.0 to 2.0 kilometers Far with vein widths of less than 1.0 meters to 25 meters. All economic gold mineralization to date is located within 400 meters of the surface.

The productive and prospective surveys within the vein systems vary systematically in the district. Post-mineral disturb error locally and the veins balanced.

Geology In Limon Mine

The Limón mine is located on the eastern edge of the Nicaragua graben in an area of low hills, which are predominantly underlain by Miocene-Pliocene volcanic layers to felsic by minor intermediate cut intrusive bodies.

Gold mineralization in the district is classified Limón with quartz-adularia vein systems as low sulphidation epithermal deposits. These deposits were formed in relatively shallow, usually below the surface a little more than a kilometer deep, from neutral pH hydrothermal fluids with temperatures C <150o C to 300o. The volcano-putonic arc of western Nicaragua a common tectonic setting of these deposits. 

Exploration El Limon Mine In  2015

The drilling 2015 has continued near term mine development in Santa Pancha and upgraded to perform the U -Bahn resource category, which specifically SP1 (# 8 waveband). Greenfields exploration is for testing ongoing potential of the current mining areas, some of which will be drill tested towards the end of 2015.

Past Exploration

Focus of the exploration work on the Limon property to date on the Santa Pancha 2 cores (Pozo # 4 and # 5) area, the current underground 1 km north was drilling located in Santa Pancha. 1 the hanging wall structure in Santa Pancha 2 appears the best host of the mineralization to be where the average widths were intersected between 2 to 15 meters.

Drilling in 2014 on the Santa Pancha 1 vein system helped establish continuity in an area that is planned to be mined in 2015. Results of significance LIM 14-3884,for  the 73.34 g / t gold over 2, 5 m true width and LIM 14-3883 with 26.6 g / t gold over 1.7 m returned true width.

Results significance further north on the vein structure of Santa Pancha 2 comprise LIM-14-3857 with 7.9 g / t gold over 3.95 m true width and LIM 14-3854, the 5.2 g / t gold over 5.3 meters true width back.

In Fair east of vein Veta Nueva returned encouraging results from drill Gap 14-3876 LIM, the 8.6 g / t returned at the structure Atravesada gold over 2.7 meters, which working drilling in 2014. Atravesada further drill tested in 2015 to search within this vein structure in grade continuity.

Mining And Ore Processing El Limon Mine In Nicaragua

The vein system in Santa Pancha has become the primary is provided source for the underground exploitation of ore. The access for underground mining in Santa Pancha by ramp system that branches at the 90 meter level, both in North and Central ramps.

The deepest level of the mine is Approximately 170 feet below the surface. Two increases support the mine ventilation system and one of them serves as an emergency escape route. Future mining in Santa Pancha requires the mine to deepen and extend the mine along strike.

Dewatering is a critical component of mining in Santa Pancha and pumps are working in two existing wells that water levels to ensure are kept at a safe level below the lowest working. Continued deep development in Santa Pancha and improvements in this drainage system are a significant part of the capital estimate for the next year.

The Limon Mine Mill is a 1,000 tpd (  tonnes per day ) CIP gold recovery plant. The mill throughput capacity increased to 1,0 tons per day in 2013 made due to the ongoing improvements in the mill, and is currently in a throughput capacity of 1,375 tonnes per day.

Run of mine ore is hauled by truck of Little open pits and Santa Pancha Mine (six kilometers from the process plant) (in a radius of between one and five kilometers are of the process plant).

Ore is stockpiled in front of the primary crusher or ore is thrown in front of the primary crusher to the stockpile or directly in the 36-ton capacity dump hopper feeding the crusher. This stock is used to mix the various ore sources to maintain a consistent grade in the mill feed.

Video Under Ground Mine In El Limon Nicaragua

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Libertad Gold Mine Nicaragua

The Libertad Gold District covers an area of ​​approximately 150 km2 in the central province of Nicaragua. La Libertad is owned 100% by B2Gold Corporation after Central Sun Mining Incorporated acquired on 26 March 2009 

The La Libertad deposits are as low sulphidation gold systems consisting of several economic vein structures found in a belt of Oligocene age of tertiary volcanic rocks to Miocene. Andesite flows and pyroclastics hosting a series of generally east-west trending epithermal quartz veins, breccias and quartz stockwork. Several Little felsic intrusives similar tertiary to mafic along the northeast spread to southwest structural trends.

Exploration La Libertad mine In 2015

Drilling has been ongoing in Los Angeles for running resource from open pit mine, Jabali East and Mojon for underground resources and many new goals, some of which remain to be tested over the next year. The focus of the drilling to increase confidence in near mine resources and simultaneously test Large, new exploration vein structures. 

Past Exploration In La Libertad mine

Eploration in 2012 in La Libertad mine area focuses on the Jabali infill program and drilling mine-related targets. The holes extend over an area of ​​approximately 300 m along Slam and up to 150 meters depth. 

The 2013 exploration campaign in La Libertad Mine Mine largely focused on drill testing of potential underground targets below the Mojon open pit, Jabali antenna and the Santa Maria mining.

In Mojon, a total of 13 holes were drilled on three underground areas beneath the current resource pit for 3,422 meters, and these will be pursued during 2014 definition programs.

At Jabali antenna was drilled, a similar program initiated for 3,104 meters with a total of 10 holes . The goal of this program was the downward finish extension of the main antenna where drilling historical and underground exploitation potential indicated for a Nice gold grades. 

The highlights of this drilling program are holes JB13-418 with 103.8 g / t gold over 1.5 meters true width, JB13-418 with 10.67 g / t gold over 3.1 meters true width only 7 m deep and JB13- 410 with 5.72 g / t gold over 5.89 meters width.

The 2014 exploration program included on La Libertad Mine resource at Mojon drilling and exploration continues on a number of regional destinations.

The focus of the exploration drilling was mainly towards brownfields drilling and evaluation of regional targets for the search opencast feed to the mill 

A total of 58 diamond drill holes were completed for 8250 meters in 4 destinations. These included the Mojon structure in which 32 holes were in an area below the pit design.

And geotechnical characteristics of the vein to test the extraction to investigate remaining material by underground methods. Other targets drill tested are the Los Angeles, Calvario and Mestiza vein structures

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High Profits Investing In Gold

Investing in gold is becoming increasingly popular due to the high cost on the market today. There are three ways that are most common to invest in gold and all three have pros and cons. It is important, just like making any investment, carefully weigh options and determine exactly what the best .

No matter what choice, the ultimate goal is to make money and have made a wise investment. Some ways are very familiar and require any amount of money while others require large investments and are not so familiar.

The first and most common way of investing in gold is to actually buy gold. This can be anything from buying gold bars, coins, jewelry and ingots. Many people associate this with investing in gold and it can be done with virtually any amount of money.

The thing to remember about this type of investment is that people will only buy the amount that they are willing to spend. This ultimately means that the price of gold can fluctuate dramatically either way at any given time. It is important to buy at the right time so that when the market value of gold goes up, can make money and prove made a good investment.

The second option of investing in gold is to buy it on contract. This means that own the gold but do not have to physically store it someplace safe. Will only need to keep track of the paper on which the contract is written.

With this option it is important to determine which are more comfortable with: either holding the gold physically in hand or paying to store it at a bank in their vault or buying it on contract and believing that the actual gold really does exist somewhere.

Finally, when in investing in gold,  can literally buy the mining company. With this option will buy shares in the gold mining company and whatever gold they find while mining will get a percentage of it in the end.

It is important to make sure that are buying shares in a mining company which only mines gold so that can have the best return on investment.

This is video Tips for investing in gold

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Mineral Processing Tarkwa Gold Mine In Africa

The Tarkwa Gold Mine operates under leases mining with a total area of ​​approximately 20,825 hectares. Five mining leases of 18 April 1997 which cover the Tarkwa property while two mining leases acceded on 2 February 1988 to 18 June 1992 to cover the Teberebie property. The Tarkwa concession mining leases expire in 2027 and the property Teberebie mining leases expire in 2018. 

Application for renewal of mining leases has been applied to and submitted all required fees and documentation at the Minerals Commission of Ghana. There is therefore no reason to expect that this will be granted. All necessary legal mining permits and approvals is entitled in place for the Tarkwa mine lease and GFG to mine all the material covered in the lease. 

Mine infrastructure consists of six open pit there, two heap leach facilities and a CIL plant. The ore body consists of a series of sedimentary banket quartz reef units (conglomerates) of the Tarkwain system that are similar to those mined in the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa.

The operation mining at present with several reef horizon of open pits, and it is for underground mining for future potential. Tarkwa has a Mineral Resource of 15.3 million ounces of gold and a mineral reserve of 9.9 million ounces 

Location Tarkwa Gold Mine : 

Located in the south-western Ghana, Approximately 300 kilometers west of Accra , the capital of Ghana, West Africa. It approximately four kilometers west of the city Tarkwa area, which is a Nice access roads, has an established infrastructure and by a main road connecting the port of Takoradi Approximately 60 kilometers away on the Atlantic coast.

Owner Tarkwa gold mine in Africa: 

Goldfields Ghana Limited acquired the 18.9% IAMGold interest in Tarkwa now holds 90%, the remaining 10% held to Ghanaian government. 

Mineral deposit Tarkwa gold Mine :

Body Tarkwa are ore in Tarkwaian system, which forms a substantial part of the stratigraphy of the AshantiBelt in southwestern Ghana. The AshantiBelt is a northeasterly striking broadly synclinal structure consisting of Lower Proterozoic sediments and by metavolcanics and metasediments of Birimian system underlain volcanics. The contact between the Birimian and Tarkwaian is usually marked by zones of intense shearing and hosts instead of a number of significant shear gold deposits. 

Tarkwa Goldmine is dominated by the Banket Series, which are further divided in a footwall and hanging wall barren quartzite, separated by a sequence of mineralized conglomerates and quartzites gravel.

The stratigraphy of each quartzite units is well established, with auriferous reefs inter-bed with barren immature quartzites. The units thicken to the west and the current flow parameters flow from the east and northeast. 

Structurally, the Tarkwaian belt moderate wrinkles, and at least five sequences of the deformation can be detected. The original deposition occurred in a district basin environment with associated low to high angle normal faults.

Subsequent compression and folding led to development of thrust faults and reversing of previous normal faults. The final stages involved further thrusting in a southwest direction.

Mining Operations And Mineral Processing Tarkwa gold Mine In Africa:

Tarkwa North Heap Leach Phase V pad

The open pit surface operation currently uses the tabular auriferous conglomerates of four open pits – Pepe Mantraim, Teberebie, Akontansi and Kottraverchy 

Four large open pits currently exploit the stacked narrow auriferous conglomerates, similar to the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa.

The used mining methodology is highly selective. The location of the mining areas is defined by the long term planning process. The boundaries of the mines are marked out by survey and the area is cleared of bush and topsoil with a bulldozer. 

The topsoil floor is laid for rehabilitation. After clearing, reverse circulation grade control drilling is carried out and geological models constructed. The Near-term plans and forecasts are updated with this grade control information prior to the commencement of mining.

From the highest point in the pit material is free-dug or blasted with the first beam reference level. Currently drilled fresh rock and transition zones and blown up in 6 m lifts, with excavation in 3m rinds.

Fourteen excavator used to select waste from the ore, and vice versa, along the sedimentary horizons in an average accuracy of 30 cm on the roof and 20 cm on the footwall of a reef.

Pit geologists and geotechnical engineers monitor all digging and mineral material is classified as either RoM, supplied with one of two primary crusher or inferior, which is stored close to the primary crusher. The waste material to the nearest landfill is towed.

Blasting currently utilises relatively close patterns and Little diameter holes, typically a 3.4 m by 3.8 m grid with a Gap diameter of 118 mm and a powder factor of 0.75 kg / BCM. Larger diameter holes and an increased screen size will be used in the partially weathered material,  while grid sizes are reduced are used in harder material. The Little diameter holes are used to obtain, as far as possible, the integrity of the ore / waste contacts for selective mining. 

Truck allocation (Dispatching) by means of the LP-based, GPS support Modular Mining Fleet Management System. Management reporting of material movement is via an intranet-based system (MMRS), which reads the data from the modular database in which all relevant information is stored. 

Ore is processed by using conventional CIL plant, is supplied with a gyratory crusher, a SAG mill and ball mill. Gold is recovered from the solution by electro-winning and melted in an induction furnace. Current plant capacity is 13.5Mtpa, 

LoM tailings deposit made with expansion 15.5Mtpa under evaluation in 2015 of requirements for the final lift sequences in the operation TSF 1, 2 and 3 plants in a Near time and in the medium term by TSF 5 (under EPA review) and in the longer term through planned TSF 4 and 6. 

Since 1999 all ore were taken from open pit and is currently estimated at 9.8 million tonnes per year and the conditioning 12.3 Mtpa CIL. A third plant was the South heap leach facility and in December 2008 this facility closed

The ore is free milling conglomerate with negligible sulphide content. Weathering has rocks near the surface and a higher degree of weathering is associated with increased porosity and increased Heap Leach dissolution and recovery

The North Heap Leach was commissioned in 1998 to process the initial high porus ore. Phase V Heap Leach pad construction was completed in 2009 and a further three phases of Heap Leach pad construction have been accounted for in the LoM plan. 

As the mine gets deeper so the proportion of weathered ore accessible Heap Leaching decreases. This justified the construction of the CIL plant in 2004 and the subsequent expansion, in January 2009.

The CIL milling process provides a 97% recovery which is not possible when using Heap Leaching for the harder, unweathered ore, the percentage of which increases over the LoM.

The North Heap Leach employs three stages of crushing before agglomeration crush. Agglomeration includes the addition of 4 kg / t of cement on the gravel to bind the fine material and produce an agglomerate, which are stacked on the Heap Leach Pads.

After agglomeration, the ore is transferred by the conveyor and stacked on the leach pads by a stack conveyor. The heaps are irrigated with a cyanide solution which dissolves the gold as it percolates through the heaps. 

The pregnant solution on the layer is collected at geotextile that lines the base of the heaps and through a series of ponds on the adsorption / desorption / recovery (ADR) plant is pumped, where the gold adsorbed on activated carbon , removed from the carbon by acid washing, and recovered using electro winning. 

The CIL process route has a 54 x 75 Gyratory crusher that feed two crushed ore stockpiles that have a live capacity of 45,000 t (30 hours). Underneath each stockpile is a reclaim tunnel, with apron feeders that feed onto a conveyor belt, which in turn feeds the milling circuit. 

The grinding circuit consists of a SAG and ball mill crushing with recycling with the SAG mill in a closed circuit. The SAG mill has an effective grinding length of 42 with an inner diameter of 27 and 14 MW of installed capacity (2 x 7000 kW dual drive motors). 

The ball mill has an effective grinding length of 36 installed with an internal diameter of 26 and 14 MW (2 x 7000 kW dual drive motors). The grinding circuit operating at a capacity of 1490 tonnes per hour. The CIL circuit is supplied to the tank of two trains of eight tanks in series from a common leaching.

The loaded carbon passes into a 15 t acid wash column. The gold is recovered from the loaded carbon in two 15 t elution circuits. Gold is recovered from the solution by electrowinning . The gold is smelted in the CIL smelt house in an induction furnace.

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Gold In Quart ( Video )

Natural gold in quartz samples are crystalline gold nuggets constitute gold that are still attached in host rock which is typically made of quartz. Gold in quartz is the result of hard rock mining, where gold veins apart the gold-laden exposing the gold laden quartz within the vein.

Gold veins that are so wealthy in gold which can be seen with the naked eyes is visible are very rare, and veins so wealthy that they produce the kind of natural gold in quartz samples. In epithermal gold deposits, it is quite common for significant gold veins running through quartz rock, and these samples can be found with a high quality metal detector. 

Often quartz samples these gold are very beautiful and interesting, so they are greatly appreciated by mineral collectors, sometimes even more than the value of gold itself.

With sample-grade gold such as this, it is recommended that looking for gold collectors who pay a premium for them rather than crushing these mineral samples. However, there are occasions when it is the best interest of the prospectors to destroy these pieces of ore. 

The first discovery of gold in quartz appears from a man named Davidson, a Baptist preacher, in February 1851,on the south side of Amador creek near the spring then used by the miners. Boulders of great size were lying on top of the Soil

The intelligent men who worked while gold rush in the canyons and rivers in the early days, they found gold in the gravels. Sometimes gold was found with quartz adhering. The quartz veins lining the hills near the richest placer, also served on this rock demonstrate as the original source of the gold. In Carson Hill, and then Mariposa County, quartz found immensely wealthy, but the expense of blasting the rock out  and crushing, so that no serious attempts were made until 1851. 

The whole California gold country swarming with quartz; in some places in mountains, which had filled the ravines with broken quartz, but not all the quartz had gold in it. The miners to found gold in quart with the hard way, until some experienced men were put on many locations.

VIDEO QUARTZ VEIN GOLD ORE SPECIMEN ~ FROM GOLD MINE

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