Gold Mining In Eritrea Africa

Eritrea is one of the developing countries in the production of gold in Africa. Having gained its independence in 1992, the country is relatively young compared to other African countries. Eritrea has worked its natural resources for some time and now several projects to be developed. It is expected that approximately four major mines will be operational in 2018.

The country has only a commercial gold mine, mined with most of its gold from Little artisanal miners. Nearly all of the Large gold deposits remain intact.

Eritrea has a Far history of gold mining. Early gold mines in the country were artisanal miners, mined gold from gold deposits along the route of the Red Sea, especially around the Arabian Nubian Shield. As part of Empire of Ethiopia.This country never had the influence of white colonialists and so most of its resources have been discovered and mined by the locals.

The civil war with Ethiopia which led in 1992 for the independence of the country disrupted and also most of the mining activities in the country, and this could be pointed out as the main reason why the country, AEOS mining sector is the least developed.

The government in recent years has been hand in hand with foreign investors to set up and operate a strong gold mining in the country . Most of these companies are involved in exploration activities in several places are already working to develop various gold deposits. Some of the major international players in the country, AEOS gold sector include:

Junior Sub-Sahara Resources

This is an Australian company that owns Approximately 80% in three main exploration licenses in Eritrea. The company has rights to the Dabarwa block, Adi Nefas block and Medrizien block which covers Approximately 1,200km2. These are very promising grounds around the country, AEOS capital Asmara. The company is also working on developing and mining the Zara gold project, after 70% of the project of Dragon Mining NL 2003

The company recorded success in its gold projects to Asmara with significant gold mineralization having been discovered the ancient plant to the Woki Duba and Medrizien sites. Several other minerals such as zinc, have found lead sulphides and copper also in major exploration sites.

Rift These Resources
is another major gold mining companies in Eritrea. The company has been active in the last few years in gold and some other base metal exploration in several places within the country. Its principal gold project is the Adi Nefas project is located north of Asmara. Today that is projected was Approximately 4.4 g / t grading and Approximately 165 g / t silver to have appreciated. Other major projects that the company owns include Nefasit mount Subab project Tekeze field gold project and the Kefina project. The company also owns Approximately 40% of the shares in Anglo American, AEOS Augaro Gold Project.

Nevsun Resources Ltd

This is an important Africa focused gold mining company . The company has four exploration licenses on a project that covers over 1,188km2 in Augaro area. The company also owns 60% in the Bisha Mining Company with the remaining shares by the Eritrean National Mining Corporation (ENAMCO) is owned. The company mines gold, copper and zinc from several mines within the country.

Sanu Resources Inc.
This is another major gold mining companies with an interest in Eritrea, AEOS gold sector. The company grew out of the British Virginia Island and has exploration and mining licenses for Kerkebet and Gieba regions in the northern parts of the country.

What Is Gold Bar ( Video )

Gold is something with which we all are familiar. It is a metal, which changes life with its value. It makes business with what it is worth of and opens a completely new line of opportunities in financial sector. It indicates power, strength, and wealth. A possessor of this metal is looked upon with respect.

Moulding a metal in shape of bars is a common practice. Sometimes, it is for convenience in storage and sometimes for ease in shipment. In case of gold, it is mainly to store the metal, as gold being a precious metal, is usually not shipped in that huge quantities that is difficult to move as such. Therefore, as the name implies, a gold bar is a bar shaped piece of the metal, gold.

The gold bars, which are available are of different types, have different weights and thus different values. The procedure by which the gold bars are prepared or manufactured is the distinguishing factor in its different types. Mainly   gold  bars are manufactured using two different type of  methods , casting method or the minted method.

Casting the gold involves, at the very first, the purification of the gold and then its liquefaction. It is then poured into a mould, which is a hollow tank with a desired shaped cavity inside it. After pouring the liquid metal, the setup is left for a particular time, and is allowed to cool. The final step is to eject or break the metal, which in this case is gold, out as per the requirement.

The second major method of its formation is minting. Though mainly used for making coins, this  method  is also used for  gold . It involves cutting a gold piece in required dimensions by a piece of gold used as a tool. The markings on the gold bar are made from mechanical presses. We usually see gold bars in movies in the form of 400-ounce London goods delivery. These are quite famous and this is the very type held by many central banks. Its standard weight is 12.44 kilograms.

There is a certain mystery related to gold bars. The mystery finds its origin in China. It is not merely a story, but it indicates and highlights the importance of gold, its bars in human lives, and in their dealings related to money even in the past. It is said that seven gold bars were issued to a General named Wang, of Shenghai back in 1933.

After that, the bars became common and were to act as bank certificates as a return to money deposits. There are markings and words written on these gold bars but in a script, which is not recognised yet, thus making the use of the bars quite mysterious. However, by this mystery it became clear that gold bars in that time were used as a money exchange certificate.

Gold tola bars are common these days. This means that bars are weighed in tolas and are kept by governments all over the world in their central banks, indicating their wealth and power of their currency. Even locally, the people like investing their money in gold and purchase the bars. They like to keep them and sell these money carriers when their value maximises. This has become a profitable business.

Melting Pure Gold Sponge and Pouring a Gold Bar

Metallurgy In Mining Video

What do we know about metallurgy? Metallurgy is branch of science that deals with the procedures used when extracting metals from ores, purifying and alloying them. This also involves the study of the procedures used when making objects out of metals. Yet, to be able to understand fully all about metallurgy, it would be better to have a short glimpse of the history of metallurgy.

One of the oldest processes of applied science is the process of metallurgy. Its history would give us a good view of how the process developed and its association with metals. The history of metallurgy occurred around 7,000 BC which what they call the age of copper. It is the period between the Stone Age and the Bronze Age which could also be considered the turning point between Stone to Metal. 

The first process was purely accidental when the copper enter into the fireplace campfire hot. Obviously, the copper melted and when it cooled people noticed the change of its shape. The development of the process was also contributed by the magic of the fire. We could learn from the history of metallurgy that people in the old days relied on the fire for the metal processing 

In the 2800 BC comes the Bronze Age which is another development in metallurgy. People have become brilliant that they made an alloy of copper and tin since both was commonly found in the same ore. Which results bronze and bronze has become a commodity was used for the weapons of the armies as well as used as money for trade. 

In the 1500 BC, another breakthrough was found in metallurgy. It is the discovery of iron which was considered the most abundant metal in the earth but was difficult to extract.

By this then, in the 11th century, people pushed their luck and tried to heat the iron with charcoal in such a way that the carbon from the charcoal can be transferred to the iron.

With this, the metal would be hardened and the Age of Steel came. Yet, iron has become a continuous challenge to most metallurgists since it’s very hard which can only be hammered but can’t be melted. In the 513 BC, Chinese were able to think of a furnace strong enough to heat iron.

Metals nowadays are a commodity. From the buildings, the houses, to the littlest tools we use everyday; the magic of metals is involved. Without them, everything wouldn’t be that easy. One after another, metals have developed and evolved. Over the years, people never stopped adding bits to the history of metallurgy making way for the metals to be obviously useful and one of the most important things in our daily lives nowadays.

Video Metallurgy In Mining Old Kennecott Smelter Utah

Gold Mining In Benin West Africa

Benin is an important mining country in West Africa. It is near Africa’s second largest gold producer; Ghana.It is in the same geological setting as the leading gold producer in Africa within the West African geographical formation.

Most of the gold in Benin is dominated by artisanal gold miners from the gold-Wealthy veins near the villages of Tchantangou and Kwatena in the Atakora Mountains in the Northwest region of the country. Gold has also from alluvial gold sediments from the Perma-river and its tributaries. 

Artisanal MiningMined In Benin

Not much of commercial gold mining been done in the country, but the authorities, the mining affairs in Benin, the Office Béninoise des Mines (OBEMINES) has been working with other state administration bodies of the country’s mining law with the aim of attracting foreign investment in the gold sector to revise.

Gold Mining in Benin is not new. It goes back to the pre-colonial period, was mined as alluvial gold along the rivers for the king. Most of the gold traded in the trans-Saharan trade came from rivers in present-day Benin and Ghana. 

Throughout history, the country’s alluvial gold was mined by artisanal gold mines along the rivers and in the mountains areas. Several studies have been conducted in the past to the presence of gold in the country, but limited commercial mining was started . This leaves a Large potential of gold mines to be explored in the country.

In same geographical location with some of Africa’s gold producers such as Ghana and Mali indicates that the country has great potential as a gold producer. 

Exploration Permits Are Issued

The government has received a number exploration licenses in international gold mining companies for gold exploration in the country in recent years. Most of these companies have taken the first positive results, which suggest that the country could have far more gold resources to be explored.

Quite a significant amount of gold mineralization has been discovered in two Alibori and Atacora regions. Alluvial gold contained , were also been found in several places outside these regions, so the widespread deposits. Further research is still to be determined in the commercial viability of gold resources.

Commercial Mining in Benin

Premier African Minerals Limited is an important AIM traded, natural resources and raw materials company with gold mining interests in Benin. The company, through its subsidiary G & B African Resources Benin SARL holds exploration rights in Benin. The company has an exploration license to a 249.75km2 mineral block in the eastern part of central Benin. 

The property is located Approximately 75 km north of the town of Parakou and has a great history of artisanal gold mining. Preliminary studies on the block done shows great potential of gold mineralization, although further studies are still needed before commercial gold mining can Start. 

The location of the gold property is particularly highlighted by Proterozoic gneisses migmatic. Since the early 2000s the area intermittently artisanal mining activities for tantalum and colored gemstones such as tourmaline and was seen blue beryl (aquamarine) .

The Ministry of Mining in Benin to facilitate all artisanal mining activities of mineral exploration and other commercial gold mining lately. A preliminary survey of the company based on satellite images of the license areas has identified 39 key areas for gold, tantalite and gemstones.

These objects are grouped into three bands pegmatite, one covers a length of Approximately 10 km, a second, a length of Approximately five kilometers and the third a length of Approximately three kilometers. The latter is especially potential for colored gemstones, the other two for both gold and tantalum.

Gold-Silver Project Hasbrouck In Nevada

The Hasbrouck gold-silver project is located in the northern part of Esmeralda County, near the town of Tonopah, Nevada, USA. The project is 75% owned by West Kirkland Mining (ERM) and 25% of Clover Nevada, a wholly owned subsidiary of Waterton Precious Metals Fund II Cayman.

The project is proposed to be developed in two phases. Phase I involves the development of the Three Hills gold deposit that is to be expected a production period of two years. Phase II is the development of Hasbrouck gold-silver deposit include, are likely to have six years. 

The pre-feasibility study (PFS) for the gold and silver project in Nevada was completed in June 2015 and the final approval from the government for the construction of the Three Hills Mine from April 2016. The Perform on the approval of Phase II under environmental assessment began in May 2015, the initial cost to the Three Hills mine is expected in production, is estimated to be $ 54.3 million, while Hasbrouck is funded from the production in Three Hills mine 

Hasbrouck Gold-Silver Project Reserves And Production

From June 2015, the Three Hills mine is proven to keep estimated combined and probable reserves of 9.65 million tonnes (Mt) grading 0.018 oz Au / t containing 175,000 ounces of gold.

The Hasbrouck Mine is estimated that proven and probable reserves of combined 35.671Mt grading 0.017 oz Au / t and 0.297 oz Ag / t, with 588,000 ounces of gold and 10.56 million ounces (Moz) of silver.

The hold annual production capacity of the project is estimated at an average of 71,000 ounces of gold. The project is expected to produce 138,000 ounces of gold at the stage in Phase II I and 429,000 ounces of gold, while silver production is estimated in the phase II to 194,000 ounces per year. 

Geology And Mineralization

Includes  , the two deposits are oxidized, low sulfidation, epithermal vein systems with host rocks tuffs and sediments of Siebert formation with limited mineralization within the underlying fraction Tuff. Gold and silver mineralization is either on the surface or near the surface, above the water level, and is open at depth and to a limited extent in the Northwest and East. 

Mining And Processing Of Gold And Silver Project In Nevada 

The Three Hills deposit is proposed to be mined as a run-of-mine open pit heap leach conventional open pit, truck and- shovel to integrate operations, while the deposit Hasbrouck be mined as an open pit heap leach ore crushed. The former is to integrate a 15,000t / d heap leach pad, while the latter incorporate a 17,500t / d leach pad.

The ore from two Phase II secondary cones with a primary jaw crusher, crushed crusher, and a tertiary high-pressure grinding roll (HPGR). The comminuted product is transported in a kneading machine with cement and to the leach pad. 

The leaching gold and silver from the Hasbrouck deposit and the gold from the Three Hills deposit at their respective locations with dilute cyanide solution that pass on through carbon columns to extract a precious metals.

The loaded carbon is then in adsorption-desorption-recovery (ADR) plant that are in the Three Hills . The loaded carbon from the Hasbrouck mine will be transported by trucks to the ADR facility. 

Infrastructure For West Kirkland Mining Flagship Project

The water required for the project is proposed to either be purchased from the Tonopah Public Utilities “(TPU) wellfield in Ralston Valley via an underground pipeline or installed next to each deposit wells.
“the two deposits are oxidized, low sulfidation, epithermal vein systems tuffs with host rocks comprising the sediments and Siebert lineup. “

The current for phase I of liquefied natural gas (LNG) -based generator are supplied, while the performance for the next phase of NV Energy supplied regional power distribution company, via a transmission line. A substation is on Hasbrouck location be built and both sides are a diesel-fired generator integrated to serve as back-up.

infrastructure for phase I, a laboratory will include a reagent storage building, a process Store and a warehouse, and serve three trailers as offices, will be relocated to Hasbrouck location in the next phase.

Important infrastructure at Hasbrouck site is building inclusion include administrative offices, a warehouse, a test laboratory and accommodations.