Blackwater Mining Project New Gold Inc

Blackwater mining project constitute a mining project of New Gold, and located on the northern flanks of Mount Davidson in Nechako Plateau, approximately 160 kilometers southwest of the city of Prince George, 110 kilometers southwest of the town of Vanderhoof in central British Colombia. The project is located approximately 450 kilometers north of New Gold’s New Afton project. 

New Gold Inc mining project of this currently in the environmental assessment phase comprises 75 mineral tenures totaling 305.78 square kilometers, and has a total area of property 227 mineral claims covering an area of ​​1,046.78 square kilometers. The project is appealing and close to infrastructure, the terrain is characterized by rolling hills, the project is accessible by road and access to low cost hydro power is with the construction of a 230 kV transmission line. 

History Of Gold Projects  Blackwater

The Blackwater Project area has been actively explored since in 1973 by Granges Inc from streams draining the Mt.Davidson area with the discovery of anomalous concentrations of silver, lead, and zinc in silt samples taken. History of the workmanship of the project includes soil geochemistry, geophysics and reverse circulation and diamond drilling.

Richfield’s work on the Blackwater Gold Project began in 2009 when the company recognized the bulk gold potential on the property. In March 2009 Richfield optioned the Davidson and Dave claims from Silver Quest Resources Ltd. and the Rozek family respectively.

The initial mineral resource estimate for its Blackwater project was published in March 2011 and was on 25,263 meters of drilling in 77 holes on the area. An updated mineral resource estimate was prepared in September 2011 and has an additional 71 holes (24,660 meters) March estimate, bringing the total number of core drilling up to 148 (49 223 meters). 

Released indicated  and Inferred mineral resource estimate in March 7, 2012 presents drill results to December 2011. It is estimated an indicated resource of 5.5 million ounces of gold and an inferred resource of 2.3 million ounces of gold 0.4 grams per tonne cut - off grade 

Mining projects Blackwater reported mineral resource in March 31, 2013 within a conceptual pit shell at gold equivalent cut-off values ​​reported 0.3-0.4 grams per tonne. The deposit contains measured and indicated mineral resources for the direct processing of 306 million tonnes at 0.88 grams per tonne gold and 5.8 grams of silver per ton, which representing 8.6 million ounces of gold and 57.5 million ounces of silver. 

Moreover, the measured and indicated mineral resources suitable for storage and the future of the mine processing contains 91 million tonnes with 0.30 grams per tonne gold and 4.3 grams of silver per ton, which representing 0.9 million ounces of gold and 12.6 million ounces of silver.

Conforms to the CIM (as defined at the ending of the publication) this mineral resource estimate is compliant with definition standards required pursuant to National Instrument 43-101 and is based on a geological block model that contains 286,966 individual assays from 309,516 meters of core of 1,003 drill wells at a nominal distance of 25 meters to 50 meters.

 Assay data density is sufficient to classify the mineral resource when the measured and indicated confidence levels as necessary to support the estimation of a mineral reserve. The drill Gap database was supported by approximately 80,000 quality assurance / quality control (QA / QC) check sample supports assays. 

 Geology & Mineralization In Blackwater project

The Blackwater project within the Stikine Terrane of Inter Montane Belt of central British Columbia. The Stikine Terrane includes Jurassic to Early Tertiary magmatic arc and the associated sedimentary rocks. The Blackwater deposit hosted by a sequence of intermediate and felsic volcanics belonging to the Late Cretaceous Kasalka Group. These rocks overlain by Eocene age post-mineral volcanics belonging to the Ootsa Lake Group and backed by basinal clastic rocks of the Late Jurassic Bowser Lake Group

A well-developed system of northeasterly, northwesterly and northerly striking faults cutting the whole package and acts as the main control to gold-silver mineralization in the region. Quaternary glacial, colluvial and alluvial obscure most of the bedrock in the immediate project area.

gold and silver mineralization at Blackwater occurs obtrusive within an intermediate sulphidation, epithermal gold-silver system that takes place within two kilometers of a cluster of mineralized porphyry centers the same Late Cretaceous stratigraphic Kasalka group.

Host rocks within the deposit are pervasively hydrofractured, pyritized and changed to a mixture of silica and sericite. The mineralization is typified by gold-bearing polymetallic sulfides (pyrite, sphalerite, marcasite, pyrrhotite) as disseminations and porosity infillings in the fragmentary unit of the deposit.

Mineralization is strongly controlled by the northwest and northeast extending zones of of shearing and tectonic brecciation. The deposit is bounded by post-mineral trench forming fault in the north and south. A major north-south trending fault transects the orebody, it is divided into two distinct geological domains integral part of the mineral resource block model.

The feasibility study for the project in 2014, New Gold identified several areas of potential gold mineralization over 1,100 square kilometer property package. New Gold is currently leading his focus for more gold and silver resources in several kilometers of the known epithermal mineralization at Blackwater and the recently discovered porphyry copper-molybdenum mineralization in the south.

Video Blackwater Project New Gold Inc 

Rainy River Gold Project New Gold Inc

The Rainy River project constitute gold mining project which is located in Richardson Township, Approximately 65 kilometers northwest of Fort Frances in northwestern Ontario. This mine project managed and owned by New Gold Inc which is the intermediate gold producer.

The property is centered in the Richardson Township at northwestern Ontario, approximately 160 kilometers south of Kenora and 420 kilometers west of Thunder Bay. The property has exceptional infrastructure with access road, electrical wires, and railway 21 kilometers south of the property. 

The project estimated to be productive a 21,000 tonnes per day processing of a combination of open pit, underground and stockpiled ore. The project is expected to produce 325,000 ounces of gold per year to below the industry average cost. New Gold intends to pursue the possibility of higher grade ounces to the project early years, and increasing processing lower grades from the processing of storage at the finish of the mine life , with the goal of cash flow and  to improve profitability of the mining project. 

Exploration on Rainy River Gold Project began in 1967 with Noranda, International Nickel Corporation of Canada, Hudson Bay Exploration after that by  Development and Mingold resources until operating in 1989.  The Ontario Geological Operating survey geological mapping in 1971 and again in 1987 to 1988 in connection with a rotasonic overburden drilling program. 

Nuinsco began to conduct exploration activities on location between 1990 and 2004. In June 2005, Rainy River to Ream acquired a 100% interest in the project from Nuinsco. Nuinsco drilled from 1994 to 1998 to a series of widely spaced reverse circulation (RC) drill holes fifteen kilometers far, Nuinsco a series of diamond drill program completed to assess the mineral potential of the anomalies that led to the original discovery of the 17 zone in 1994

After acquisition in 2005 Rainy River Resources key sections relogged the historic core on the property drilled, and then enter all the data into a GIS database.

Geology And Mineralization In Rainy River project

Rainy River project consists of several multiple volcanogenic-style gold deposits situated within the Late Archean Wabigoon Subprovince of Ontario. Local stratigraphy comprises a series of tholeiitic mafic volcanic rocks structurally overlain by calc-alkalic dacitic metavolcanic rocks that host the bulk of gold mineralization in the district.

Mineralized zones generally follow the regional northwesterly strike and southerly dip of stratigraphy. The largest of these, the ODM / 17 Zone extends 1,600 meters along strike, 975 meters down dip (open at depth), and has a true width of 200 meters.

Three main types of gold mineralization have been auriferous sulfide ¬ ± quartz stringers and veins in felsic quartz phyric rocks (ODM / 17, Beaver Pond, 433 and HS zones), quartz-ankerite-pyrite shear veins in mafic volcanics (CAP /: Rainy River identified South zone) and sulfide-containing silver-enriched quartz veinlets in dacitic tuffs and breccias (Intrepid zone).

Identified most of the gold mineralization to date in the sulphide occurs stringers and veins within the felsic quartz bearing rock phyric. In a fourth type of mineralization of copper-nickel-platinum minerals occurs a little, young mafic-ultramafic intrusion (34 Zone) within the main cluster of gold and silver deposits located. All deposits Demonstrate a certain degree of deformation, with the exception of copper-nickel-platinum-bearing type.

Exploration Potential Rainy River

The Rainy River project represents one of Canada’s newest emerging gold districts. The Rainy River was explored for the first time for nickel sulphide mineralization in the mid-1960s. The final recognition of district gold potential in 1988 and led to the discovery of gold mineralization of stratiform auriferous volcanogenic style sulphide deposits.

So far, exploration efforts have been delineated become 3.8 million ounces of gold reserves is plus additional 2.7 million ounces of measured and indicated resources. As the project advances toward its mid-2017 target for the start of commercial production, New Gold continues to focus on the discovery of additional gold resources with the potential to enhance and extend the commercial life of the project.

Video Rainy River Gold Project New Gold Inc

Different Types Of Mining Processes

Mining has become a controversial industry because of its “devastating” effect to the environment and the ecosystem. However, it has contributed so much to civilization that without it, we could never be where we are today in many aspects.

There are two basic methods of mining. These are the surface and the underground mining processes:

1. Surface Mining

This involves the mining of minerals located at or near the surface of the earth. This encompasses at least six processes and these are:

• Strip Mining – this involves the stripping of the earth’s surface by heavy machinery. This method is generally targeted at extracting coal or sedimentary rocks that lay near the earth’s surface.

• Placer Mining – this involves the extraction of sediments in sand or gravel. It is a simple, old-fashioned way of mining. This method is generally applicable to gold and precious gems that are carried by the flow of water.

• Mountain Top Mining – this is a new method which involves blasting of a mountain top to expose coal deposits that lie underneath the mountain crest.

• Hydraulic Mining – this is an obsolete method that involves jetting the side of a mountain or hill with high pressure water to expose gold and other precious metals.

• Dredging – it involves the removal of rocks, sand and silt underneath a body of water to expose the minerals.

• Open   Pit  – this is the most common  mining  method. It involves the removal of the top layers of soil in search for gold or buried treasure. The miner digs deeper and deeper until a large,  open-pit  is created.

2. Underground Mining

This is the process in which a tunnel is made into the earth to find the mineral ore. The mining operation is usually performed with the use of underground mining equipment. Underground mining is done through the following methods:

• Slope Mining – it involves the creation of slopes into the ground in order to reach the ore or mineral deposit. This process is generally applied in coal mining.

• Hard rock – this method uses dynamite or giant drills to create large, deep tunnels. The miners support the tunnels with pillars to prevent them from collapsing. This is a large-scale mining process and is usually applied in the extraction of large copper, tin, lead, gold or silver deposits.

• Drift mining – this method is applicable only when the target mineral is accessible from the side of a mountain. It involves the creation of a tunnel that’s slightly lower than the target mineral. The gravity makes the deposit fall to the tunnel where miners can collect them.

• Shaft method – this involves the creation of a vertical passageway that goes deep down underground where the deposit is located. Because of the depth, miners are brought in and out of the  pit  with elevators.

• Borehole method – this involves the use of a large drill and high pressure water to eject the target mineral.

These are the basic methods used in the extraction of common minerals. There are more complex systems, but still, they are based on these fundamental processes.

Source Of Gold Ores

Gold and silver metals are obtained from a variety of different types of rock ores. Most people think of gold nuggets constitute the source of the gold. But the reality is very few gold derived from the nugget. Nearly all newly mined gold comes from ores from natural hard rock mining, fine gold grains, even microscopic particles. 

Gold widely found in nature, although it is one of rare metals. It often happens gold which known as the native metal encased within a mineral such as quartz. And historically gold the most productive, occur in the vein deposits. Currently these widespread deposits give much of the world gold ore. 

The element gold ores in nature occurs even mainly in the form of native gold, In various gold ores, original gold mineral content commonly occurs, fine mineral particles and small contained within sulfide minerals such as pyrite.

Iron pyrites a very common mineral associated with gold, but it also serves as a reducing agent. Therefore, if gold is found enclosed in pyrite, it is always free gold and not as some kind of gold sulfide. Gold also sometimes in chalcopyrite, galena and arsenopyrite and stibnite, but not as one is found in such quantities as may be found in pyrite. Other minerals such as sphalerite, pyrhotite, magnetite and hematite sometimes carry little amounts of gold as well. 

Gold also comes as Telluride as Calaverit. Common gangue in gold ores include quartz, fluorite, calcite and pyrite, but many others can be found in smaller amounts

Gold Ore Minerals :

The most prominent is pure gold – The most common the native gold contains a Little amount of silver, copper, platinum, etc. 

Telluride minerals are the most common minerals that significant gold in their makeup. These include:

• Petzite (Ag, Au) 2, Te,
• Hessit (Ag2Te)
• sylvanite (Au, Ag) Te2
• Calaverit (Au, Ag) Te2
• Krennerit (Ag2Te, Au2Te3)
• Nagyagit ( Au2, Pbi4, Sb 3, TE7, S7). 

The gold containing sulphides and tellurides, are primary formation from gold ore, although auriferous chalcopyrite could be formed by secondary enrichment process.

Native gold can occur in the primary, secondary enrichment or oxidized zones. The tellurides, which are usually associated with pyrite, are widely used, though not so often, but not always recognized; in fact, some of the miners they are mistaken for sulfides  

Common types of gold ores

Gold deposits are often classified according to their association. 

1. Of these can be cataloged as quartzose.

This means that the gangue mineral is acid, that is, quartz and fluorite which may be very abundant or the other gangue minerals of the alkaline soil group. Not infrequently, it seems varies pyrite and limited amounts of chalcopyrite and galena within quartz quantities. These are free milling ores.

Through a free milling ore it is meant that the rock does not require roasting before the gold can be recovered therefrom. Dry ore is the term that is often used for this category. 

2. Copper ores containing gold ore mineral

These are widely used in the United States and much of the chalcopyrite is gold bearing. This auriferous copper ores are particularly abundant in Colorado, Utah, Montana and British Columbia. They are also in Gold Hill, North Carolina and in Canada to Newfoundland. 

3. The class of gold ore is auriferous lead ores.

The proportion of lead in these rocks is large and the gold content is often low. They are refractory ores such as copper ore. The refractory ore is a meant requires roasting before extraction processing. The heavy sulphides as copper, lead and antimony require this method of treatment, that is the condition of the gold in the mineral will not allow of its immediate capture with most recovery systems.

4. gold ores comprises the gold-telluride group

The gold telluride ores occur accompanied by other tellurides with silver, lead and antimony or as native gold accompanied by other tellurides.  These ores are often sent directly for the treatment of smelters. 

5. Type of disseminated ore.

They are often low in grade, but present in very large numbers. They fill large fracture and fault zones or replace certain geologic horizons. They are the result of the circulation of large amounts of heated water deep underground.

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-How To Identify Minerals In Rocks Of Gold Ore

Drill Testing To Sample Gold Deposits

Test process drilling for gold is an important step in the every prospecting and gold mining industry. Test drilling is a step that is used continuously to obtain samples of bedrock in the land of gold mining project. The sample is then tested to determine whether it is gold in the project area in mining and to estimate the amount of gold that can be mined in the area. 

In the process of drilling testing can produce a variety of results sample, because each gap can occur various kinds of different types of rocks and soils, The process of drilling test is a step that most highly effective to get the test results of rock in the ground in estimating the amount of gold ore deposits in the area which will do the mining.

Drilling is an absolute necessity to assess metal ores prior to the process of exploitation in an extensive mining operation. Drilling can be done for all large-scale mining, before the open pit mine development, or for the assessment of large commercial placer mines. 

Preliminary Prospecting Works In Test Drilling

Before test drilling for gold, there are several steps that can be done early, it is made to prospecting works. Often the area to test can bushes, hard terrain or other obstacles drilled, which may influence the outcome of exploratory drilling. It is important, therefore, it will be handled first.

One step that can be used is by ridding the area which will be conducted test drilling. This can help reduce the amount of land the ground which will done testing on drilling,thus support and make to be effective the test holes are drilled. 

Drill testing

In the process of test drilling in gold mining is intended to determine whether the area has gold potential which can be used for large-scale mining.This is very helpful in determining the amount of gold deposits
and grade gold contained in the soil in the area that will be in mine.

Test drilling can also specify the information that is significant of the general geology of the rock structures that exist in the soil at the prospect area, the geochemical structure and other information from other minerals besides gold deposits existing in the test drilling area 

The pattern of test holes, the distance and the number of test wells is mineral determined by the geometrical alignment of the drill, the geochemical composition of the area and the distribution of the target.

For most in scale test drilling in mining area is often gridded out into small grids that can determine the number of holes to be drilled. Sometimes in the drilling process is done in a manner soil formation such as rifts, ditches, river basins or even valleys. 

In most of the tests for the drilling of gold speed and cost are important factors that are considered by geologists.

If in the process the first step is successful, then to get a drilling method that is more accurate in determining the mineral content of gold or may be in the process of the most extensive can be implemented

Some of the methods most commonly used test holes, you can use includes hand drilling, rotary drilling, percussion drilling and diamond drilling. 

The significance of the test drilling for gold

test drilling is to enhance the importance of prospecting before a mining operation, and drill testing is one of the methods most commonly used for sampling.

Albeit with very expensive, it takes some of the risk and guesswork out of the mining process and an estimate of how much gold there is in the area

The type of drilling specifies the device to be used. 

Hand Drilling

This is carried out in at a little place for little operations. Hand drilling done by using a manual hand, the phase required prior training stage, as sample tubes and augers. These drills can not penetrate bedrock and thus limited in its application entirely.

Variety of hand drilling tools can be used for hand drilling, but hand test can only for little gold mining drilling.The advantage of the hard drilling reduced cost of major methods, and this may be the best method for individual miners who lack the resources for greater exploration.

 Percussion Drilling

This type test drilling where the drilling equipment can be used to enter into the bedrock up to a depth of approximately 10 meters. Percussion drilling is drilling that uses compressed air drilling equipment, this makes lebihh far stronger than using a hand drill.There is also drilling using large air drilling equipment ,which can be used in complex drilling in the mining area.

Rotary Drilling

Rotary drilling is drilling relatively expensive yet very easy to use in a variety of conditions. In the drilling process using a ring and an air compressor in the process of drilling holes to be tested. With the true tools and skilled workers, this type of exploratory drilling takes the least time of all available drills. The drill may obtain samples from between 20 and 100 foot holes. 

Diamond Drilling

This is the most versatile drill testing method that can use. The machines used for this type of drilling gets superior most samples since it can drill deep and at a certain angle and conditions.

In most cases, drills are used herein, can be powered by electric engines, gasoline, diesel, and even air. However, the process can only slow and very expensive in practice and thus it is used only for complex projects that require extensive drilling.

This Video  from Hellix Ventures Inc. - Margarita Gold Drill Program

El Limon Mine In Nicaragua

The Limon mine constitute mine which located in northwestern Nicaragua Approximately 100 kilometers northwest of Managua, capital of Nicaragua. The property is easily accessed by paved highway and 15 km gravel pit road with a total road distance of 140 kilometers from Managua. The property extends along the border of the municipalities Larreynaga and Telica the Department of Leon and the municipalities of Chinandega and Villanueva of the department of Chinandega. 

The Limon Mine consists of 12,000 hectares of “Mina El Limon” mineral concession, issued for a period of 25 years and expiring in April 2027. Each mineral properties under the Nicaraguan mining law subject to an agreement by the Government of Nicaragua, which include the rights to develop,  to explore, for mine, extract, export and sale found mineral resources and made the concession. 

The el Limon mine are obliged to submit annual reports on its activities and production statistics to government . Escalating annual surface taxes are payable to the Nicaraguan government for the Mina El Limon mineral properties.

The surface tax  was US $ 4.00 per hectare in 2009 and a maximum  of US $ 12.00 per hectare in 2012 has been reached and will be maintained through the years that followed. 

B2Gold Company hold an indirect 95% interest in Triton Minera SA ( “Triton”), which owns and operates the Limon Mine, and holds three other mineral concessions, all at an exploration stage. The remaining 5% of Triton held  by IMISA. Triton holds directly or controls the surface rights for all of the property on which the current mining, milling, tailings and related facilities are located at the Limon Mine. 

Triton also owns a part of the surface rights to the properties. As required, Triton has negotiated and access agreements with individual surface rights holders in respect of these properties entered for which it does not hold the surface rights within the concession. All of the permits required for exploration, mining and milling activities are in place for the Limon Mine.

RG Exchangeco Inc., a subsidiary of Royal Gold, Inc., holds a 3% NSR royalty on the gold production  from the Limon Mine and certain other concessions.

The revenue from the Limon Mine is also subject to a 3% VAT payable on the production of gold to the Government of Nicaragua,  which is considered a deductible expense for purposes of computing corporate income tax.

Internacional de Comercial SA holds a license fee of 5% of net profit of Triton Mining (USA) LLC ( “Triton USA”) equal, indirect subsidiary, a holds 47.5% interest in the Limon Mine. The net profit from the difference between gross income defined on spending (all revenue from the operation of Triton USA their business is obtained) (where indicated as costs and as costs of Triton USA from its operations result, including working capital and operating costs, pay royalties, borrowing costs, taxes and Common selling and administrative expenses). 

Mineralization At The Limon Mine Nicaragua

The gold mineralization at the Limon Mine and northwestern Nicaragua is typical of low-sulphidation, quartz-adularia, epithermal systems. These deposits were formed in relatively shallow, typically from just below the surface to a little more than a kilometer deep.

To date, this is the only type of gold mineralization was found and reported in the tertiary rocks in northwestern Nicaragua. Silver is usually a commercially minor by-product of gold mineralization.

All gold production was hosted by quartz vein and quartz vein breccia deposits in the linear structural features and often accompanied minor pyrite and trace amounts of base metal sulphides.

Gold is dispersed generally to very fine-grained and relatively evenly across the higher grade portions of the veins. Only low incidence of disseminated or floor type epithermal precious metal mineralization reported. , Mineral deposits or deposits of other metals in the area not known

Three producing and past-producing vein systems do nearly all the gold from the Limon Mine District produced; these are the Limon, Santa Pancha and Talavera systems. A Large number of other weakly mineralized quartz veins have been identified and explored, some with smaller development and production

The productive vein systems are approximately 1.0 to 2.0 kilometers Far with vein widths of less than 1.0 meters to 25 meters. All economic gold mineralization to date is located within 400 meters of the surface.

The productive and prospective surveys within the vein systems vary systematically in the district. Post-mineral disturb error locally and the veins balanced.

Geology In Limon Mine

The Limón mine is located on the eastern edge of the Nicaragua graben in an area of low hills, which are predominantly underlain by Miocene-Pliocene volcanic layers to felsic by minor intermediate cut intrusive bodies.

Gold mineralization in the district is classified Limón with quartz-adularia vein systems as low sulphidation epithermal deposits. These deposits were formed in relatively shallow, usually below the surface a little more than a kilometer deep, from neutral pH hydrothermal fluids with temperatures C <150o C to 300o. The volcano-putonic arc of western Nicaragua a common tectonic setting of these deposits. 

Exploration El Limon Mine In  2015

The drilling 2015 has continued near term mine development in Santa Pancha and upgraded to perform the U -Bahn resource category, which specifically SP1 (# 8 waveband). Greenfields exploration is for testing ongoing potential of the current mining areas, some of which will be drill tested towards the end of 2015.

Past Exploration

Focus of the exploration work on the Limon property to date on the Santa Pancha 2 cores (Pozo # 4 and # 5) area, the current underground 1 km north was drilling located in Santa Pancha. 1 the hanging wall structure in Santa Pancha 2 appears the best host of the mineralization to be where the average widths were intersected between 2 to 15 meters.

Drilling in 2014 on the Santa Pancha 1 vein system helped establish continuity in an area that is planned to be mined in 2015. Results of significance LIM 14-3884,for  the 73.34 g / t gold over 2, 5 m true width and LIM 14-3883 with 26.6 g / t gold over 1.7 m returned true width.

Results significance further north on the vein structure of Santa Pancha 2 comprise LIM-14-3857 with 7.9 g / t gold over 3.95 m true width and LIM 14-3854, the 5.2 g / t gold over 5.3 meters true width back.

In Fair east of vein Veta Nueva returned encouraging results from drill Gap 14-3876 LIM, the 8.6 g / t returned at the structure Atravesada gold over 2.7 meters, which working drilling in 2014. Atravesada further drill tested in 2015 to search within this vein structure in grade continuity.

Mining And Ore Processing El Limon Mine In Nicaragua

The vein system in Santa Pancha has become the primary is provided source for the underground exploitation of ore. The access for underground mining in Santa Pancha by ramp system that branches at the 90 meter level, both in North and Central ramps.

The deepest level of the mine is Approximately 170 feet below the surface. Two increases support the mine ventilation system and one of them serves as an emergency escape route. Future mining in Santa Pancha requires the mine to deepen and extend the mine along strike.

Dewatering is a critical component of mining in Santa Pancha and pumps are working in two existing wells that water levels to ensure are kept at a safe level below the lowest working. Continued deep development in Santa Pancha and improvements in this drainage system are a significant part of the capital estimate for the next year.

The Limon Mine Mill is a 1,000 tpd (  tonnes per day ) CIP gold recovery plant. The mill throughput capacity increased to 1,0 tons per day in 2013 made due to the ongoing improvements in the mill, and is currently in a throughput capacity of 1,375 tonnes per day.

Run of mine ore is hauled by truck of Little open pits and Santa Pancha Mine (six kilometers from the process plant) (in a radius of between one and five kilometers are of the process plant).

Ore is stockpiled in front of the primary crusher or ore is thrown in front of the primary crusher to the stockpile or directly in the 36-ton capacity dump hopper feeding the crusher. This stock is used to mix the various ore sources to maintain a consistent grade in the mill feed.

Video Under Ground Mine In El Limon Nicaragua

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High Profits Investing In Gold

Investing in gold is becoming increasingly popular due to the high cost on the market today. There are three ways that are most common to invest in gold and all three have pros and cons. It is important, just like making any investment, carefully weigh options and determine exactly what the best .

No matter what choice, the ultimate goal is to make money and have made a wise investment. Some ways are very familiar and require any amount of money while others require large investments and are not so familiar.

The first and most common way of investing in gold is to actually buy gold. This can be anything from buying gold bars, coins, jewelry and ingots. Many people associate this with investing in gold and it can be done with virtually any amount of money.

The thing to remember about this type of investment is that people will only buy the amount that they are willing to spend. This ultimately means that the price of gold can fluctuate dramatically either way at any given time. It is important to buy at the right time so that when the market value of gold goes up, can make money and prove made a good investment.

The second option of investing in gold is to buy it on contract. This means that own the gold but do not have to physically store it someplace safe. Will only need to keep track of the paper on which the contract is written.

With this option it is important to determine which are more comfortable with: either holding the gold physically in hand or paying to store it at a bank in their vault or buying it on contract and believing that the actual gold really does exist somewhere.

Finally, when in investing in gold,  can literally buy the mining company. With this option will buy shares in the gold mining company and whatever gold they find while mining will get a percentage of it in the end.

It is important to make sure that are buying shares in a mining company which only mines gold so that can have the best return on investment.

This is video Tips for investing in gold

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Gold In Quart ( Video )

Natural gold in quartz samples are crystalline gold nuggets constitute gold that are still attached in host rock which is typically made of quartz. Gold in quartz is the result of hard rock mining, where gold veins apart the gold-laden exposing the gold laden quartz within the vein.

Gold veins that are so wealthy in gold which can be seen with the naked eyes is visible are very rare, and veins so wealthy that they produce the kind of natural gold in quartz samples. In epithermal gold deposits, it is quite common for significant gold veins running through quartz rock, and these samples can be found with a high quality metal detector. 

Often quartz samples these gold are very beautiful and interesting, so they are greatly appreciated by mineral collectors, sometimes even more than the value of gold itself.

With sample-grade gold such as this, it is recommended that looking for gold collectors who pay a premium for them rather than crushing these mineral samples. However, there are occasions when it is the best interest of the prospectors to destroy these pieces of ore. 

The first discovery of gold in quartz appears from a man named Davidson, a Baptist preacher, in February 1851,on the south side of Amador creek near the spring then used by the miners. Boulders of great size were lying on top of the Soil

The intelligent men who worked while gold rush in the canyons and rivers in the early days, they found gold in the gravels. Sometimes gold was found with quartz adhering. The quartz veins lining the hills near the richest placer, also served on this rock demonstrate as the original source of the gold. In Carson Hill, and then Mariposa County, quartz found immensely wealthy, but the expense of blasting the rock out  and crushing, so that no serious attempts were made until 1851. 

The whole California gold country swarming with quartz; in some places in mountains, which had filled the ravines with broken quartz, but not all the quartz had gold in it. The miners to found gold in quart with the hard way, until some experienced men were put on many locations.

VIDEO QUARTZ VEIN GOLD ORE SPECIMEN ~ FROM GOLD MINE

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Video How To Test Silver

Silver is the first metal which was first smelted from ore. It comes from ancient Egyptian empire used and has been forged in household utensils, jewelry, etc. Pure silver is smooth as gold, copper usually alloyed to straighten his strength and can be used for making the production equipment and other items.

Without addition of alloying because of its softness, it would melt. Fine silver is pure Nearly 999/1000 percent, but it is too smooth to make jewelry, out of it a metal added in silver. But something called silver or sterling silver (which in it 92.5 percent pure silver and has 7.5 percent metal ) is pure silver.

Silver is a versatile chemical element. Sterling silver is 92.5 percent silver and 7.5 percent other metals, especially copper. It is harder than pure silver. Pure silver is smooth and often referred to as “fine silver.” Products can often be mistaken as silver when silver (only covered with a thin layer of fine silver). 

But how do you know you really have silver at home? Unless you are an silver holder, who knows quality is silver, and how pure the silver, you buy. You can not have the first clue how to test for silver purity at house. This article will Aid explain the purity of silver and how to confirm that not only is another gray metal.

The most obvious way to know pure silver, and the extent to which it is pure, is to check on your silver jewelry and silverware

Tips to determine purity of silver Or How to test silver

1. Test with a magnet , In the specially using a strong magnet, such as the magnet made of neodymium. Silver is paramagnetic and shows only a weak magnetic effect. If magnet very strong sticking on metal, it has a ferromagnetic core and is not silver. 

Note that there are a few other metals which a magnet will not stick and can be made to look visible as a silver. It is better to carry out the magnetic test in conjunction with another test to ensure that the core is not another metal.

2. Try the ring-test with each coin. Silver makes a really lovely bell like ringing when someone knocked on, especially if they are knocked with a different kind of metal. If you want to try this, you have to find metals silver quarter which made before 1965 in United States, it is made of silver 90% silver US. 

Were during quarters later than 1964 are made of a copper-nickel alloy. The elder quarter will give a whistle, clear ringtone, while the newer district give a thud of a sound. 

3. Perform a chemical analysis test to the point item. Use chemical analysis if no stamps indicating that the silver metal. Use gloves within silver test with chemicals, because if exposed to a corrosive acid solution, it will burn your skin

Note that this method has the potential to damaging silver element.

Buy a silver test. Silver acid tests for pure silver, but if you think your piece is silver, you will use a Little jeweler file to make a mark, revealing what might be under the plating.

Find. An inconspicuous place on the article in question and make a Little scratch on the silver piece. This is necessary in order to test the underlying metal silver it with acid. Scratch the piece a metal file. Scratch off enough so you can get to the surface of any plating layer.

If you do not want your piece scratch, or potentially leave a mark from the acid, you can use a black stone slab. These are generally made with a silver testing kit available. Rub your silver on the surface of the black stone, so that it leaves a thick and relatively Large deposit on the stone. Goal for a line that one thick one-half inch.

Apply a drop of acid to the scratched surface only. When the acid touches any portion of the piece that is not scratched, it will affect the polished look of the piece. If you want to use a black stone, a drop of acid will add to the line that you created on your stone. 

5. Analyze. The analyze  surface on part scratched with the acid. You have to analyze the color, the acid appears as decreases in the piece.
Be sure to follow the instructions and color of your specific silver test. In common, the color scale is as follows:

Bright Red: Fine Silver
Darker Red: 925 Silver
Brown : 800 Silver
Green : 500 Silver
Yellow: Lead or Tin
Dark brown: Brass
Blue: Nickel

This video constitute How to test silver

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Precious Metal Recovery ( Video )

Precious Metal Recovery refers to the reclaiming of precious metals from specific scrap materials. Many precious metal recovery services employ state of the art refining techniques, for extracting metals such as gold, silver and platinum etc.

These processes can extract precious non-ferrous-metals from industrial scraps, wires tubes and dishoarded bars. Recovery services are used in a variety of industries including, aerospace, jewelry, medical and the semi-conductor and printed circuit board industries.

These services may also include reducing the metal lots to assaying bars for evaluation, by utilizing thermal processes. Metal refining capabilities can include, melting and thermal reduction through incineration.

Recovery refers to the separation of precious metals from noble-metalliferous materials, some of these materials may include catalysts such as electronic assemblies or printed circuit boards. 

To isolate or remove the metals, procedures such as hydrolysis or pyrolysis are commonly employed. With hydrolysis, the noble-metalliferous materials can be dissolved in hydrochloric acid and chlorine gas solution, or dissolved in Aqua regia, which consists of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. 

In the procedure known as pyrolysis the precious metals are removed by solidifying in a melt to become cinder, and then oxidized. Some metals may be reduced directly with a gas or salt or nitro hydrate connection.

This is followed by various cleaning stages or are recrystallized, and the metals can then be separated from the salt by calcination. These precious metal materials are first hydrolyzed and then thermally prepared (pyrolysed) thereafter. The recycling product is removed and put several times through the cycle.

Precious metal recovery services are companies that purchase materials such as printed circuit boards, old wires, and industrial scraps that contain various precious metals such as :

o Gold & Silver

o Platinum

o Nickel & Tin

o Rhodium

o Palladium

o Copper & Bronze

These materials are then put through various processes to extract the precious metals from them. This makes good economical and environmental sense.

These services may also include buying old jewelry, and other valuable scrap metals such as :

o Brass

o Copper

o Bronze

o Aluminium

o Phosphor Bronze

These metals can then be smelted down and reused, thus saving valuable resources.

This is Video from Precious Metal Analysis - Instrumental Methods for Gold, Silver, Platinum, Palladium and other PGMs

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How Process Fire Assaying For Mineral (Video)

Fire assaying for mineral is the oldest and is considered to be the most reliable method of determining the content of gold and silver in rock or concentrate samples. This method is still the industry standard. The reason why it is called ”fire” assay is simply because it involves smelting the sample which has been mixed with lead oxide.

There are six basic steps in the fire assay procedure: 

• Splitting 
• weighing 
• mixing 
• firing 
• cupelling
• parting.

How the process fire assaying for Mineral

First, the crushed and ground sample of ore or concentrate is carefully split down to smaller samples only around 30 grams. These samples are weighed out and added to a crucible. A mixture of lead oxide, a reducing agent and fluxes is then added. The fluxes usually consist of silica sand, borax and sometimes additional additives like fluorite. The fluxes, reductant, lead oxide and sample are then mixed and fired in a muffle furnace.

The contents of the test material into the container then let all the ingredients to melt in the furnace smelting. In the presence of the reducing agent, typically carbon in any form, e.g. flour, the lead oxide is smelted to lead metal which “collects” any silver and gold that may have been in the sample.

The molten mass is taken from the furnace and mixed before being poured into a cone-shaped mold and allowed to cool. The molten lead sinks to the bottom of the mold, carrying any gold and silver with it, while the rest of the components of the ore along with the flux turn into a glassy slag that floats on top.

After cooling, the metallic lead at the bottom of the mold is separated from the glassy slag which is discarded. The lead is called a “button.”

This metallic lead button is then placed into a cupel, a small dish made from bone ash, and placed into a cupelling furnace. In the “cupelling” process, lead metal turns back into oxide which separates away from the precious metals and soaks into the bone ash cupel, leaving the minute amount of precious metals as a metallic speck called a “bead.”

The next step in the process is called parting, where the bead is weighed to determine the amount of gold and silver that was extractable from the original ore sample.

The bead is then heated in hot nitric acid which dissolves the silver, leaving any gold that may have been present. The parted bead is then carefully weighed and amount of gold is related back to the weight of ore or concentrate sample in the first crucible that was burned.

In more modern laboratories, the bead of precious metals that is recovered in the cupel after the lead has been removed is dissolved in aqua regia. The resulting solution is then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, allowing the grade of gold and silver in the original sample to be back calculated.

Fire assaying is a science, and also to some extent is still an art. Certain types of ore contain elements that may interfere with the result. A good fire assayer knows how to modify the composition of the flux to avoid these problems. The fire assayer knows how to determine the gold and silver content of the assay ton of sample that has been presented.

Video Fire Assay Explained- The Workhorse of Precious Metal Analysis - Gold, Silver and PGMs

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Precious Metal Refiners Purify Gold ( Video )

Throughout the world there are mines that are extracting precious metals out of the ground and sending them to gold refiners where they can be purified. Taking the lumps of rock and ore that are mixed together in veins the precious metal refiners are able to extract the gold from the rest of the rock by melting it down.

Once in a liquid form the gold can be poured and cast into ingots or molded to form chains and other jewelry. By superheating the raw minerals to their boiling point gold refiners are able separate the rock and purify the precious metal to its full glory.

As gold is not always as shiny and brilliant when it is unearthed as it is once it has been refined most people do not recognize the valuable mineral if they were to stumble upon it while hiking. Running in veins through the rock the precious ore is mixed with all kinds of material that has to be separated and sifted before the gold receives its luster.

In many instances only the dull yellow tint of a rock reveals the gold that is hidden beneath the earth. Through the process of refining the dirt and other minerals fall away until all that remains in pure gold. However, most of the minerals that are surrounding the vein of gold contain other precious metals refiners can use in their work. Platinum, palladium, rhodium and silver can be found alongside the gold 

What Is Gold Bar ( Video )

Gold is something with which we all are familiar. It is a metal, which changes life with its value. It makes business with what it is worth of and opens a completely new line of opportunities in financial sector. It indicates power, strength, and wealth. A possessor of this metal is looked upon with respect.

Moulding a metal in shape of bars is a common practice. Sometimes, it is for convenience in storage and sometimes for ease in shipment. In case of gold, it is mainly to store the metal, as gold being a precious metal, is usually not shipped in that huge quantities that is difficult to move as such. Therefore, as the name implies, a gold bar is a bar shaped piece of the metal, gold.

The gold bars, which are available are of different types, have different weights and thus different values. The procedure by which the gold bars are prepared or manufactured is the distinguishing factor in its different types. Mainly   gold  bars are manufactured using two different type of  methods , casting method or the minted method.

Casting the gold involves, at the very first, the purification of the gold and then its liquefaction. It is then poured into a mould, which is a hollow tank with a desired shaped cavity inside it. After pouring the liquid metal, the setup is left for a particular time, and is allowed to cool. The final step is to eject or break the metal, which in this case is gold, out as per the requirement.

The second major method of its formation is minting. Though mainly used for making coins, this  method  is also used for  gold . It involves cutting a gold piece in required dimensions by a piece of gold used as a tool. The markings on the gold bar are made from mechanical presses. We usually see gold bars in movies in the form of 400-ounce London goods delivery. These are quite famous and this is the very type held by many central banks. Its standard weight is 12.44 kilograms.

There is a certain mystery related to gold bars. The mystery finds its origin in China. It is not merely a story, but it indicates and highlights the importance of gold, its bars in human lives, and in their dealings related to money even in the past. It is said that seven gold bars were issued to a General named Wang, of Shenghai back in 1933.

After that, the bars became common and were to act as bank certificates as a return to money deposits. There are markings and words written on these gold bars but in a script, which is not recognised yet, thus making the use of the bars quite mysterious. However, by this mystery it became clear that gold bars in that time were used as a money exchange certificate.

Gold tola bars are common these days. This means that bars are weighed in tolas and are kept by governments all over the world in their central banks, indicating their wealth and power of their currency. Even locally, the people like investing their money in gold and purchase the bars. They like to keep them and sell these money carriers when their value maximises. This has become a profitable business.

Melting Pure Gold Sponge and Pouring a Gold Bar

Metallurgy In Mining Video

What do we know about metallurgy? Metallurgy is branch of science that deals with the procedures used when extracting metals from ores, purifying and alloying them. This also involves the study of the procedures used when making objects out of metals. Yet, to be able to understand fully all about metallurgy, it would be better to have a short glimpse of the history of metallurgy.

One of the oldest processes of applied science is the process of metallurgy. Its history would give us a good view of how the process developed and its association with metals. The history of metallurgy occurred around 7,000 BC which what they call the age of copper. It is the period between the Stone Age and the Bronze Age which could also be considered the turning point between Stone to Metal. 

The first process was purely accidental when the copper enter into the fireplace campfire hot. Obviously, the copper melted and when it cooled people noticed the change of its shape. The development of the process was also contributed by the magic of the fire. We could learn from the history of metallurgy that people in the old days relied on the fire for the metal processing 

In the 2800 BC comes the Bronze Age which is another development in metallurgy. People have become brilliant that they made an alloy of copper and tin since both was commonly found in the same ore. Which results bronze and bronze has become a commodity was used for the weapons of the armies as well as used as money for trade. 

In the 1500 BC, another breakthrough was found in metallurgy. It is the discovery of iron which was considered the most abundant metal in the earth but was difficult to extract.

By this then, in the 11th century, people pushed their luck and tried to heat the iron with charcoal in such a way that the carbon from the charcoal can be transferred to the iron.

With this, the metal would be hardened and the Age of Steel came. Yet, iron has become a continuous challenge to most metallurgists since it’s very hard which can only be hammered but can’t be melted. In the 513 BC, Chinese were able to think of a furnace strong enough to heat iron.

Metals nowadays are a commodity. From the buildings, the houses, to the littlest tools we use everyday; the magic of metals is involved. Without them, everything wouldn’t be that easy. One after another, metals have developed and evolved. Over the years, people never stopped adding bits to the history of metallurgy making way for the metals to be obviously useful and one of the most important things in our daily lives nowadays.

Video Metallurgy In Mining Old Kennecott Smelter Utah

Gold Recources In South Africa

South Africa has the largest known gold reserves in the world. Estimated to be around 40000 tons, this country cradles 40-50 % of the global gold reserves. Mining is perhaps the biggest industry of South Africa, and the nation’s economy basically depends upon it, because the gold resources in South Africa is very rich

History Of Gold Mining In South Africa

South Africa is the most advanced and richest country of Africa. It owes all its economical development to abundance of mineral resources like gold, diamond, platinum and coal etc. The country is the leading producer of precious metals such as this metal and platinum. Almost 50% of the reserves of the world are found in South Africa. South Africa was the largest gold producer and exporter till 2007, when China surpassed it. South Africa kept its title of the largest gold producer of the world for about half century.

Gold Mines In Johannesburg

History of Gold Mining in the US

Gold   mining  consist of a number of processes and techniques, employed to extract raw  gold  from earth. These  gold  extraction techniques include  gold  panning, metal detecting, sluicing, dredging etc.

This metal is an expensive element; thus, individuals and nations have always been interested in  gold  extraction, mainly to gain economic benefits. In the United States of America, a major rush of  gold   mining  took place with the discovery of  gold  at the Reed farm in North Carolina, in 1799. Thirty years latter, this metal was discovered at the southern Appalachians in Georgia, which was followed by the California  Gold  Rush in 1848-52 in the Sierra Nevada, as a result of which a lot of people started to settle down in California. This was only the beginning of the history of this metal discovery and mining in America. Later on, many states in America, like Alaska, Alabama, Texas, Virginia and many more, were found to be blessed with reservoirs of this metal.

The Real Gold Mine

For those of us that do want to have some level of financial security we try to save and invest our money at any opportunity. Some people do this on their own, while the majority of people have some sort of financial professional offering them advice. I personally have an account set up with a financial advisor. Most financial advisors will tell you to “diversify” your money and investments. But, do they really mean it? Yes, they mean it as long as it makes them money.

Gold Mining And Production

After the key gold mining discoveries in the United States and Australia around 1850, those two countries remained significant gold producers.

However, South Africa has larger reserves, and by 1930 was producing 53% of the world’s new gold. That was the start of the Great Depression, which slowed down economic activity around the world, beginning with the 1929 Wall Street stock market crash, the failure of the Credit Anstalt Bank of Austria in 1931 and Great Britain’s suspension of the gold standard in 1931.

President Franklin Roosevelt raised the official price of gold (in effect, inflating the value of the US dollar, which had been suffering from the deflationary effects of the Depression) from $20.67 to $35.

Principle Of Ball Mill Mining

Cone ball mill is a common ball mill mining processing. The ball mill structure of ball mill can change, and it enables the integration of the body and chassis. On the installation, it can be used only once in order to plate at the field. He also used spindle double row spherical roller bearings to replace conventional bearings. After transformation, it can power Approximately 30%, improve the fineness and increase processing capacity Approximately 15%.