Aqua Regia

Aqua regia is the result of mixing a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a solution of aqua fortis or more in the know with Nitric Acid (HNO3), which is part of an oxidant the most powerful.

Aqua regia is a highly corrosive, fuming yellow or red solution.  In a mixing between Nitric Acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is 3: 1, That is the volume of a solution of 3 parts hydrochloric acid (HCl) was added to 1 volume part of the solution of Nitric Acid (HNO3) .

Aqua regia or in Latin is more known as royal water is a chemical solvent all the metals. It is one of the few reagents that dissolves as gold, platinum and palladium from substrates, particularly in microfabrications and microelectronics labs.

It was so named because it can dissolve the so-called royal, or noble metals, although tantalum, iridium, and a few other metals are able to withstand it. Glassware may also be washed with aqua regia to remove organic compounds only in trace amounts. Aqua regia solutions are extremely corrosive and may result in explosion or skin burns if not handled with extreme caution.

*  Decomposition Of Aqua Regia

Gold Precipitation Methods

Gold precipitate is precipitated in the process of refining gold metal in the form of dust or fine particles are colored a brownish, and the precipitate obtained from the reaction of the chemical separation of metallic gold with aqua regia. In decision precipitates in aqua regia solution that has been contained gold metal content is required several stages. And eventually precipitated from these precipitates can be dissolved to be made in a metallic gold.

Some stages are used to obtain precipitates gold result from the process of refining gold ore with aqua regia solution can use the following steps.

Processing Flow Chart Of Gold

Mining gold from year to year is always an increase, in which the processing system became more developed, ranging from mining system that uses a simple system to a more modern processing system. Gold mining was first carried out in alluvial areas. Processing system is also very simple to do that is by panning using a tray, which then developed with gold mining wave table, and followed by gravity separation method using the amalgamation process with the capture of mercury. Gold exploration in the lower layers of soil to get the primary sediment deposits began in 1860 with gold using a cyanide treatment system. And in 1960 the method of processing low-grade gold began being applied, which carried out the processing system through leaching heap, this process is basically developed from gold processing system using cyanidation . Of all the gold mineral processing must go through several stages in all these stages it is absolutely live to get the desired results, as for some stages it can be underlined by the diagram below

 OPEN PIT MINING

Blasting Mining

Blasting in mining is blasting activities are conducted for the breakdown or divorce of a material's disarray (rocks) using explosives or an explosion process. Explosives are chemical explosives meant is defined as a single chemical compound or a mixture of solid, liquid, or mixtures thereof which, if given the action of heat, impact, friction or initial explosion will experience a very rapid exothermic chemical reaction and the reaction results in part or entirely gaseous accompanied by very high heat and pressure which is chemically more stable. Heat from the gas produced detonation reaction is approximately 4000 ° C. As for the pressure, according to Langerfors and Kihlstrom (1978), could reach more than 100,000 atm or equivalent 9850 MPa (»10 000 MPa). While the energy in units of time which caused about 25,000 MW, or 5.95 million kcal / s. It should be understood that the energy is so great it's not really reflect the amount of energy stored in explosives so great, but this condition occurs due to blasting a very fast reaction, which ranges between 2500 - 7500 meters / second (m / s). Therefore, the energy force only happens a few seconds which gradually decreased with the development of rock collapse.

Classification Of Explosives

COPPER

Copper metal is a conductor of electricity and heat tool. A good thermal and electrical conductivity is very high. Electric industry is the largest consumer of this element pure copper has a rather gentle and soft nature. So nice to use as a thermal conductor, a conductor of electricity, building materials, and various metal alloy constituents. 

Copper is also used for various purposes household appliances, to the biomedical component. Copper can also be combined with other metals to form alloys such as bronze. Iron alloys using copper as brass and bronze are very important All the coins in the U.S. and metals containing copper weapons.

Copper has widespread uses as agricultural poison and as algisida in water purification. Copper compounds such as Fehling solution is widely used in analytical chemistry tests for sugar. But we must also be careful of the nature of this toxic metal. This can occur when copper accumulate in the body due to the use of copper cookware. Elements Cu excess can damage the liver and cirrhosis spur.