Small And Portable Gold Smelting Cupelling Kit

Looking for a small and portable kiln that can melt up to an ounce of clean placer gold out in the field or at home? The Kwik Kiln Cupelling Kit is a portable propane-fired kiln designed to do just that.
Kit includes: 3.5" tall x 4" in dia kiln, 4 premium bone ash cupels, stainless steel mini tongs, instructions •

The Kwik Kiln is 3.5" tall x 4" in diameter and consists of a 1" base layer and 1.5" kiln chamber - all wrapped in a stainless steel jacket to keep it together. The lid is 1" thick.

The chamber has two different size chamber pieces, one of which is beveled, configured for cupelling. Two torches are needed to create the swirling heat effect (see photo). Can be used to perform scorification assays in the field, too.

Propane bottles and nozzles NOT included. NOTE: This cupelling kiln is for cupelling the lead prill after doing a fire assay. Cupels absorb lead in the prill. Cupels are not to be used like a crucible.

READ MORE >>> Gold Smelting Cupelling Kit - Gold Mining Equipment

Furnace Metals Melting Portable

      Furnace Metals Melting portable The Hybrid Metals Melting Kiln is a small and portable combination furnace for both cupelling or melting pure metals.

This Hybrid Kiln Kit supplies you with everything you need (except propane torches) to melt 1 to 5 oz of gold or scrap metals (1 to 3 ounces capacity for silver). At only 3 pounds, you can take it to the field with you and melt placer gold.

It consists of a 1" base layer and 1.5" kiln chamber - all wrapped in a stainless steel jacket to keep it together. The lid is 1" thick.

The alumina silica refractory material is good for up to 2300 degrees Fahrenheit. Once the material reaches the targeted melting temperatures, the refractory material will shrink approximately 5% which will create small cracks in the material when it cools.

However, cracking is not detrimental to the operation of the kiln or the life expectancy of the kiln. Two torches are needed to create the swirling heat effect (see photo). Can be used to perform scorification assays in the field, too. Hybrid Metals Melting Kiln Kit includes:

Kiln, 4 premium bone ash cupels, 2 mini graphite crucibles, 2 oz gold (1 oz silver) graphite loaf mold, stainless steel mini tongs for cupels, 6 inch scissor tongs (not pictured), 3 ounces of melting flux, Instructions for both cupelling and melting

* Propane bottles and nozzles not included

* NOTE FROM MANUFACTURER: The Kwik Kiln is designed to be heated with 2 pencil tip PROPANE torches simultaneously. Manufacturer will not warranty any Kwik Kiln heated too high, improperly, or in a manner that goes against its design.

This includes using other types of torches, or using Mapp gas, which gives off more heat. Use propane only. This kiln ships via Priority Mail. Please be sure to provide an address where you receive US Mail.

READ MORE >>> Furnace Metals Melting Portable Hybrid Metals Melting Kiln Kit - Gold Mining Equipment

Extracting Gold By Carbon In Pulp with Activated Carbon

       Carbon In Pulp is the absorption of compounds into carbon Dicyano Aurrat. In the process extracting gold by carbon in pulp with activated carbon occurs after the leaching of mineral ore slurry in a tank. And during the washing, the carbon-in-leach and adsorption occur simultaneously. In both processes mineral ore leaching slurry will be transferred from one tank into the recovery tank of carbon using a pumping machine.  

This is generally accomplished by passing the slurry through a series of adsorption vessels coupled with the periodic transfer of carbon, usually associated with pulp, and in the opposite direction. Column tanks are often used consists of a large carbon column (diameter 5 to 8 feet) and 15 to 20 feet in height, and filled with activated carbon. Minimum load of carbon rule of thumb is one pound of activated carbon per 0.1 ounces of gold are present in solution, and usually it's a few pounds per 1 / 10 ounce

         Two main methods Carbon In Pulp (CIP) and Carbon Columns may consist of the most widely used technique for extracting gold today. Both methods use a large tank in the column parallel step where gold is dissolved in the slurry (pulp) through a chemical process and combine agitation, oxygen and cyanide. In CIP, the carbon is mixed with a solution of cyanide leach and ore agitated in the Tank leaching, and the adsorption process will separate the gold. 

 This will bring together between carbon and gold cyanide solution which is attached to the carbon. Granular carbon is often hard to use in a variety of sizes between 10-16 mesh. Carbon is then filtered by using the screening, on-screen screening of carbon will settle and the liquid is finely ground ore (-100 mesh) will be screened out through the screen into the tank.CIP treatment system can be described simply as a picture diagram below:

Diagram of the processing of gold with carbon in pulp

Process Electrowinning For Gold Mining

Electrowinning is an electrochemical process used to reduce the metal cations to the cathode surface of an aqueous solution derived from the chemical leaching proces. Electrowinning or often referred to as electroextraction is the electrodeposition of metals from ore minerals that have dissolved into the liquid and will be processed using Electrorefining to remove impurities from the metal. Electrowinning an electrolytic process that is very old in the mining industry. 

The English chemist Humphry Davy first obtained sodium metal in the form of the element in 1807 by electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide. And then in 1847 Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg first to show an experiment about Electrorefining copper. Then James Elkington patented a commercial process in 1865 and successfully opened the first factory in Pembrey, Wales in 1870. The first commercial plant in the United States is Balbach and Sons Refining and smelting Company in Newark, New Jersey in 1883

     Electrowinning is applied to a variety of chemical solutions that are found in large mining industry. This process involves the use of alkaline cyanide solution as an electrolyte in a cell as the anode and cathode, among others, can use:

ANODE      ( - )	GOLD 99,99 %	STAINLESS STEEL 316	DICOATING MERKURY COPPER	IRON
CATHODE  ( + )	SILVER  99,99	STAINLESS STEEL 316	TIN	ALUMINUM

Cell reaction that occurs is: Merkury dicoating Copper, Lead, Iron, Aluminum
Anode: 2OH-→ O2 + H2O + 2e-
Cathode: 2Au (CN) 2 - + 2e-→ 2Au + 4CN-
Overall: 2Au (CN) 2 - + 2OH-→ 2Au + O2 + H2O + 4CN-

     

How to metal gold testing

        The testing process gold from gold bouillon is very necessary, in which the gold content so that the results we obtain can be seen the most of what percentage of karat or purity levels of the value contained in the gold metal.

How to do metal gold testing, In the process of testing the gold, there are several methods that can be used, ranging from gold assay methods in a simple way to use chemical solutions to using digital tools.

Several types of testing processes such as methods Touchstone testing, Acid testing kits, Electronic gold testers.

     

Process Flow Gold Mining

       Gold mining was first carried out in alluvial areas, namely in watersheds that have a mineral content of the ore deposits of gold, where gold is mined by a very simple way by using the tools of a pan. This processing method gold panning is very simple, the separation between the gold ore minerals is done by shaking the pan to follow the movement of the hand that spins in the flow of water while hand is vibrated so that the gold ore will drop down, then slowly poured the water in the pan out as the flow of sea water waves , so that the sand which is above the exit wasted, while the gold ore would remain at the bottom. The separation between the gold ore with other minerals in the alluvial deposits  then developed with gold mining wave table, and then followed by a gravity separation method using the process of merging with the capture of mercury.  Gold exploration in the lower layers of soil to get the primary sediment deposits began in 1860 with gold using a cyanide treatment system. And in 1960 the method of processing low-grade gold began being applied, which carried out the processing system through leaching heap, this process is basically developed from gold processing system using cyanidation. Economic climate that developed during the decade of 60-70s also forced more and more advanced processing technology so that the plague of gold exploration gold mining began to flourish around the world. And during this decade found several technologies that can improve the recovery of gold recovery even for low-grade gold. This development was influenced by the development of chemical technology.

Some of the advanced and economical technology used in the processing of gold mining is

Carbon in Pulp (CIP)
       Carbon in pulp process or CIP was developed in the early 70's. In the process, the leaching of gold ore mineral rocks through the stages of cyanidation process, then the particles of gold in gold-rich solution is absorbed by the pores of the carbon. Carbon containing gold is then washed and the electrolysis to produce metallic gold bullion.
     
Heap Leaching
       Heap leach is a method developed by Henin and Lindstrom to process low grade ore with large scale and small production costs, so that the lowest levels of mineral ore can still be economical. This is a process heap leach gold leaching low-grade rocks are stockpiled, then the solution containing the metal particles are screened and separated by electrolysis. Heap leach done repeatedly and on a large scale.


Ore Refractories
      Ore is refractory gold ore that can not be processed by simple cyanidation because it wrapped up by other minerals, such as sulfide or telluroid. But this can be in cyanidation ore after roasting for wrapping wet mineral particles of gold. This ore can be treated by chlorination followed by cyanidation and zinc precipitation or with CIP and electrowinning.

Of all the gold mineral processing must go through several stages in all these stages it is absolutely live to get the desired results, as for some stages it can be underlined by the diagram below

Video How To Retort Mercury

      Result of the amalgamation process will leave the mercury in the gold mineral content, and therefore we have to do retort mercury to separate gold and mercury metal, prior to the melting process. This is a simple video, how to work the mercury retort process, in which the separation of the metal results from the amalgamation with mercury. And this is the simplest way that can be used in the process of using a mercury retort stainless pipes, if you are away from the retort equipment sales are sold on the market.

     In the retort process, the combustion in the pipe runs approximately 10 minutes, then slowly the mercury will drop down into the pot which had contained water. Where the results of the retort process is able to separate the mercury content in the metal, prior to the smelting process. To see in detail the equipment in this gold mercury retort you can visit other pages of this site.

And keep in mind that in the metallic mineral processing, you should always use a mask as a safety device.
 

Click Here The materials used in the process of gold mercury retort

Retort Mercury Gold

    Mercury gold retort is a process of separation between the metals gold and mercury from the amalgamation. The process of gold from the mercury amalgamation will leave mineral deposits of mercury in the gold is caught, then it needs to be done from a mercury retort process before the melting process. Perhaps the small-scale gold miners in traditional or not many people know how this separation process, and many of them are direct results of the smelting process amalgamation, but the way they are doing is very dangerous and endanger the safety of their lives as if the melting process carried out simultaneously, the gas fumes from the mercury vapor will be inhaled and enter the body.

       To remove all dissolved metals or incorporated by mercury, then you have to retort or a filter. Before the gold mineral smelting process, verify if the content of mercury in minerals that blend with the mercury is lost, and to filter takes a retort. To get around that mercury contained in a gold metal was bound to disappear, then you can get around by following the simple retort.

Amalgamation Process Gold

The processing of gold-making Amalgamation is a process of extraction of gold in rocks containing the gold content of ore by using a chemical binder Mercury (Hg) as a catcher ore minerals. This amalgam process is the most simple and cheapest is usually used by small-scale miners, but on a large scale is not very effective and very expensive.

The use of mercury in amalgam process was first used in 1828, despite the widespread use of new techniques is prevented due to the toxic nature of mercury. Around 1895, experiments conducted by GV Black showed that amalgam is safe to use, although 100 years later, scientists are still debating.

In the  Process Of Amalgamation is a common tool used is the drum machine as a means of smoothing the rock minerals and metals by mercury capture elements in rocks that are processed. This process is a process of chemical physics, product formed is the bond between the gold-silver and mercury are known as amalgam (Au - Hg).

Mercury will form amalgams with all metals except iron and platinum. when the amalgam is heated, it will break down into elements of mercury and alloy. Amalgam can be decomposed by heating in a retort, the mercury will evaporate and can be recovered from the condensation of mercury vapor. While the Au-Ag still remained in the retort as a metal.
  

Flotation Process Of Gold

     The process of mineral flotation concentrates on mining gold is a separation process used to produce a gold concentrate - copper. And the flotation process in mining consists of several steps performed to produce a gold concentrate - copper. Equipment used in the flotation process by using a stirred tank, and where the string of the tank is given airflow, so the gold and copper mineral concentrates will rise and float to the surface of the floatation tanks. In the process of flotation is a process that depends on the adhesion properties of certain minerals to air (hydrophobic), and to water (hydrophilic). To assist in the flotation process by changing the surface properties of mineral particles need to be added to the chemicals in the form of Reagent Flotation

Some Stages Are Carried Out In The Flotation Process

  

The process of destruction of rocks minerals and grinding
      

        In this process of rock minerals that have been taken from the mine site and then destroyed by the machine to obtain a fine grain of sand to free metal-containing granules for further processing. In the destruction of mineral rocks of machine tools can use a stone crusher machine, so the minimum size of rock minerals can reach between 28 mesh

FLOTATION IN MINING

      Flotation derived from the word meaning float. Flotation can be interpreted as a separation of a substance from other substances in a liquid or a solution based on differences in surface properties of the substance to be separated, where the substances that remain hydrophilic aqueous phase while hydrophobic substances that are air bubbles will be bound by and will be brought to the surface solution and form bubbles which can then be separated from the liquid, where flotation process of gold aims to separate and produce a metal concentrate.

This flotation process produces metals from ore concentrates at the mine by separating valuable minerals from impurities that cover it. This flotation process is said to have been discovered by a miner who see the process of washing machine that is used as a means of washing the dirty work clothes, and the washers that generate bubbles in the foam.William Haynes in 1869 patented a process for separating sulfide and gangue minerals using oil and called it bulk-oil flotation. Flotation process was first commercialized in 1896 in copper mining in Llanelltyd Glasdir near Dolgellau in North Wales with sulphide mineral flotation processes conducted by Frank Elmore and his brother Stanley, and he is the developer of the copper mines.

Gold Separation Process In The Mining

The process of separation of concentrate mineral ore in a Gold Mining in general should be done in a gradual manner, and the function of the separation process is to separate gold ore minerals from mineral impurities or mineral carrier. 

From the newly excavated ore from mines with very low levels of about a few grams/tonne course still needs to be upgraded to high-grade gold ore reached levels above ten grams/tonne in the way of enrichment or concentration so that it becomes feasible to extract gold. 

In the separation of gold concentrate has a variety of methods and means used, begin the process of separation of gold in a simple way and gold separation by using a chemical reagent and modern equipment. Gold separation processes with chemical reactions can use the system Cyanidation Method , Froth Flotation, Heap Leaching, Gold Processing With Method Carbon In Pulp and others. 

Except for high-grade gold ore or Gold Ore that is naturally a large grain size, so grain can be seen with the naked eye or without a microscope, because the ore of this type can easily be separated by panning or by using a gold separator machine to separate the gold ore minerals with gravity system that will separate the mineral carrier with a grains of gold ore or proceed with the amalgamation of mercury, forming amalgam gold 

    In a mineral ore mining in order to produce an ore concentrate to generate, it would require a phase separation of the rock minerals into the Mill. Of the separation process will produce concentrate gold from ore mined by separating valuable minerals from the dirt that covered it. The main steps in the process of separating gold to earn gold concentrate is crushing, grinding, flotation, and drying. 

Change the scale of destruction and milling the ore into fine sand size in order to liberate granules containing copper and gold for the separation process and to prepare the appropriate size to the next process. Once the size of the ore is reduced, the process is then performed concentration by separating minerals from mineral impurities of gold, in order to obtain higher ore grades. 

 In Alluvial Gold Deposit, ore dug directly into the stage of the process of separating gold from mineral impurities without having to go through the mill, thus directly obtained concentrates of gold grains

In the separation of ore minerals there are two separation techniques, namely physical separation by gravity separation and chemical separation by flotation separation:

Gold Cyanide Method

 Gold cyanide method is the process of dissolution of gold ore using cyanide chemicals, because every atom of gold requires dissolution of the mineral carrier or impurity with the stoichiometry of two cyanide-soluble compounds.

Gold cyanide process begins with Carl Wilhelm Scheele had discovered that the gold will be dissolved by cyanide in aqueous solution. And this gold cyanide process he discovered in 1783.

Gold cyanide method is a basic method of the gold dissolution process is often used in gold mining around the world, and gold cyanide process has been patented in 1887. The chemical reaction that occurs when the dissolution of gold cyanide is:

     4 Au + 8 NaCN + O 2 + 2 H2O → 4 Na [Au (CN) 2] + 4 NaOH

In the process of redox, oxygen removes electrons from the gold four simultaneous with the transfer of protons (H +) from water.
Mines that have used the cyanide process of gold mineral dissolution is:

Tank Leaching Gold

        Tank leaching is a mineral ore processing system is leaching by cyanidation in a stirred tank. Usually the processing tank leaching systems are often used in processing gold ore minerals. Mineral extraction of gold cyanidation using a tank in mining has increased rapidly since the mid-1980s. Extraction of gold by using a tank leaching systems typically use a lot of multiple tanks in series within a building. Different from heap leaching are located at the open air. Gold leaching process carried out by stirring the gold ore is mixed with limestone and added with a solution of cyanide in a tank and aerated with air bubbles. The duration of stirring often for 24 hours in order to produce the optimum leaching. And efficiency tank leaching of about 92% to 98% gold content of rocks

     

SMELTING

Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy; its main use is to the process of separating the metal from impurities by heating the concentrate to a high temperature to cause the metal to melt. Smelting the concentrate produces a metal or a high-grade metallic mixture along with a solid waste product called slag.

This includes iron extraction from iron ore, and copper extraction and other base metals from their ores. This usually involves the reduction of metal oxides (ore) to metal (reduction reaction are those which take electrons away from the elements, the reduction becomes the opposite of oxidation reactions), and the formation of non-metal oxide waste known as slag.

Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to change the oxidation state of the metal ore; the reducing agent is commonly a source of carbon such as coke, or in earlier times charcoal. The carbon or carbon monoxide derived from it removes oxygen from the ore to leave the metal. The carbon is thus oxidized in two stages, producing first carbon monoxide and then carbon dioxide.

And in the process of smelting, the ore minerals may be added by Chemical Fusing Metallic Minerals such as borax, backing soda, or with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to mineral-borne heavy metals along with gold ore minerals can be separated. Fluxes are used in smelting for several purposes, chief among them catalyzing the desired reactions and chemically binding to unwanted impurities or reaction products. Calcium oxide, in the form of lime, was often used for this purpose, since it could react with the carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide produced during roasting and smelting to keep them out of the working environment.

  

HERE ARE A FEW COMPOSITIONS USED IN METAL SMELTING

Aqua Regia

Aqua regia is the result of mixing a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a solution of aqua fortis or more in the know with Nitric Acid (HNO3), which is part of an oxidant the most powerful.

Aqua regia is a highly corrosive, fuming yellow or red solution.  In a mixing between Nitric Acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is 3: 1, That is the volume of a solution of 3 parts hydrochloric acid (HCl) was added to 1 volume part of the solution of Nitric Acid (HNO3) .

Aqua regia or in Latin is more known as royal water is a chemical solvent all the metals. It is one of the few reagents that dissolves as gold, platinum and palladium from substrates, particularly in microfabrications and microelectronics labs.

It was so named because it can dissolve the so-called royal, or noble metals, although tantalum, iridium, and a few other metals are able to withstand it. Glassware may also be washed with aqua regia to remove organic compounds only in trace amounts. Aqua regia solutions are extremely corrosive and may result in explosion or skin burns if not handled with extreme caution.

*  Decomposition Of Aqua Regia

Gold Precipitation Methods

Gold precipitate is precipitated in the process of refining gold metal in the form of dust or fine particles are colored a brownish, and the precipitate obtained from the reaction of the chemical separation of metallic gold with aqua regia. In decision precipitates in aqua regia solution that has been contained gold metal content is required several stages. And eventually precipitated from these precipitates can be dissolved to be made in a metallic gold.

Some stages are used to obtain precipitates gold result from the process of refining gold ore with aqua regia solution can use the following steps.

Gold Analysis Technical By Chemical

Prior to the processing of gold in the economy of scale necessary step preproduction through in-depth study of various aspects. One study that needs to be done is to test the mineral content of rock ore to be processed. 

The process of analyzing in detail the content of metallic minerals from rock samples taken from the soil in a land that has been in the survey will be a very important mineral content of the metal held in which the function of the activity analysis is to support the production activities in large-scale gold processing. 

One form of assessment activities is the analysis of rock samples to see in detail the content of metals contained in the land which will be held in the processing of economic activity. 

Where rock samples can be tested on a laboratory analysis. And today has many methods of analysis used in viewing the content of metallic minerals contained in rocks, but it all depends on the required results in testing, as well as methods of analysis using polarized light techniques and electron microscopy which is the best analysis in identifying minerals with very modern equipment. 

This method obtained from an analysis of its structure, texture and Mineralogy in specific minerals from rock samples. To get a detailed analysis of the mineral content of rocks need to use the latest analytical techniques such as Fire Assay, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Induced Coupled Plasma (IC), and mass spectrometry. In addition to modern methods of analysis can also be used a simple method by using a chemical solution to see the presence of metallic mineral deposits of gold from rock samples that were analyzed. 

This method is very simple and easy to do and very simple, yet has enough sensitivity to accuracy in view of the metal content of gold in rock samples of minerals.The Fire-Assay analysis is the method of choice for the analysis of precious metals traces in ores. All gold bearing alloys or grains and Sterling Silver alloys are assayed by Fire-Assay techniques

Some of the steps used in the test stages of mineral content of rocks that will be done in a simple way is as follows