Mercury In Gold Mining

    Mercury is denoted by Hg, an acronym of Hydragyrum which means liquid silver. Mercury is a metallic element which is in group II B in the periodic system, with atomic number 80 and mass number 200.59. The metal mercury is produced naturally and is obtained from ore processing, Cinabar, with oxygen (Palar; 1994). The metal mercury is produced, used in the synthesis of inorganic compounds and organic compounds that contain mercury. In everyday life, mercury is in three basic forms, namely: metallic mercury, inorganic mercury and organic mercury. Mercury (Hg) is one type of metal found in nature and are scattered in the rock, ore mines, land, water and air as inorganic and organic compounds. Mercury is one of the basic elements of chemical and heavy metal is a liquid which under normal circumstances silvery, not smelling with a molecular weight of 200.59. Mercury is not soluble in water, alcohol, ether, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen.History of Mercury has been found in Egypt in ancient tomb relics century 1500 BC, and may be used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. Around 350 BC, Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle explains how to take the mercury by heating cinnabar rocks for religious ceremonies. In Rome, mercury is used for various purposes and give it a name hydrargyrum, which means liquid silver into the origin of the chemical symbol for mercury is Hg. Mercury Amalgamation was first to cultivate the patio process of silver by the year 1557 in Mexico who made ​​the request of mercury is greatly increased. Mercury barometer was invented by Torricelli in 1643, followed by the discovery of the use of mercury in the thermometer by Fahrenheit in 1714.

Amalgamation Process Gold

The processing of gold-making Amalgamation is a process of extraction of gold in rocks containing the gold content of ore by using a chemical binder Mercury (Hg) as a catcher ore minerals. This amalgam process is the most simple and cheapest is usually used by small-scale miners, but on a large scale is not very effective and very expensive.

The use of mercury in amalgam process was first used in 1828, despite the widespread use of new techniques is prevented due to the toxic nature of mercury. Around 1895, experiments conducted by GV Black showed that amalgam is safe to use, although 100 years later, scientists are still debating.

In the  Process Of Amalgamation is a common tool used is the drum machine as a means of smoothing the rock minerals and metals by mercury capture elements in rocks that are processed. This process is a process of chemical physics, product formed is the bond between the gold-silver and mercury are known as amalgam (Au - Hg).

Mercury will form amalgams with all metals except iron and platinum. when the amalgam is heated, it will break down into elements of mercury and alloy. Amalgam can be decomposed by heating in a retort, the mercury will evaporate and can be recovered from the condensation of mercury vapor. While the Au-Ag still remained in the retort as a metal.
  

Reagent Flotation

Flotation reagent is the most important thing in a flotation process, in which this reagent is needed for removal of mineral concentrates that will be done. Basically the flotation process depends completely on the adhesion properties of certain minerals to air (hydrophobic), and to water (hydrophilic), and therefore the addition of chemical substances in the form of reagent.

Any one of various chemical substances that govern and regulate most flotation processes. The introduction of flotation reagents into the liquid phase of the pulp and subsequent adsorption along the liquid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces create conditions for the selective flotation of specific mineral particles. There are three principal types of flotation reagents: collectors, regulating agents, and frothing agents.

THESE ARE SOME OF THE FLOTATION REAGENT WHICH CAN BE USED IN THE FLOTATION PROCESS

COLLECTORS	FUNCTION
Xanth (ogen ) ates	Sulfide Flotation
Dithiophosphates	Sulfide Flotation
Carboxylates ( Fatty acids )	Carbonate / Oxide / Sulfide Flotation
Dithiophosphates	Sulfide Flotation
Alkyl ammonium salts	Silicate / Oxide Flotation

FROTHER	FUNCTION
Aliphatic alcohol ( Methyl isobutyl carbinol )	Frother
Cyclic alcohol ( Pine oil, Eucalyptus oil )	Frother, Collector
Aromatic alcohol (Cresols, Xylenol )	Frother

Flotation Process Of Gold

     The process of mineral flotation concentrates on mining gold is a separation process used to produce a gold concentrate - copper. And the flotation process in mining consists of several steps performed to produce a gold concentrate - copper. Equipment used in the flotation process by using a stirred tank, and where the string of the tank is given airflow, so the gold and copper mineral concentrates will rise and float to the surface of the floatation tanks. In the process of flotation is a process that depends on the adhesion properties of certain minerals to air (hydrophobic), and to water (hydrophilic). To assist in the flotation process by changing the surface properties of mineral particles need to be added to the chemicals in the form of Reagent Flotation

Some Stages Are Carried Out In The Flotation Process

  

The process of destruction of rocks minerals and grinding
      

        In this process of rock minerals that have been taken from the mine site and then destroyed by the machine to obtain a fine grain of sand to free metal-containing granules for further processing. In the destruction of mineral rocks of machine tools can use a stone crusher machine, so the minimum size of rock minerals can reach between 28 mesh

FLOTATION IN MINING

      Flotation derived from the word meaning float. Flotation can be interpreted as a separation of a substance from other substances in a liquid or a solution based on differences in surface properties of the substance to be separated, where the substances that remain hydrophilic aqueous phase while hydrophobic substances that are air bubbles will be bound by and will be brought to the surface solution and form bubbles which can then be separated from the liquid, where flotation process of gold aims to separate and produce a metal concentrate.

This flotation process produces metals from ore concentrates at the mine by separating valuable minerals from impurities that cover it. This flotation process is said to have been discovered by a miner who see the process of washing machine that is used as a means of washing the dirty work clothes, and the washers that generate bubbles in the foam.William Haynes in 1869 patented a process for separating sulfide and gangue minerals using oil and called it bulk-oil flotation. Flotation process was first commercialized in 1896 in copper mining in Llanelltyd Glasdir near Dolgellau in North Wales with sulphide mineral flotation processes conducted by Frank Elmore and his brother Stanley, and he is the developer of the copper mines.