Flotation Process Of Gold

     The process of mineral flotation concentrates on mining gold is a separation process used to produce a gold concentrate - copper. And the flotation process in mining consists of several steps performed to produce a gold concentrate - copper. Equipment used in the flotation process by using a stirred tank, and where the string of the tank is given airflow, so the gold and copper mineral concentrates will rise and float to the surface of the floatation tanks. In the process of flotation is a process that depends on the adhesion properties of certain minerals to air (hydrophobic), and to water (hydrophilic). To assist in the flotation process by changing the surface properties of mineral particles need to be added to the chemicals in the form of Reagent Flotation

Some Stages Are Carried Out In The Flotation Process

  

The process of destruction of rocks minerals and grinding
      

        In this process of rock minerals that have been taken from the mine site and then destroyed by the machine to obtain a fine grain of sand to free metal-containing granules for further processing. In the destruction of mineral rocks of machine tools can use a stone crusher machine, so the minimum size of rock minerals can reach between 28 mesh

FLOTATION IN MINING

      Flotation derived from the word meaning float. Flotation can be interpreted as a separation of a substance from other substances in a liquid or a solution based on differences in surface properties of the substance to be separated, where the substances that remain hydrophilic aqueous phase while hydrophobic substances that are air bubbles will be bound by and will be brought to the surface solution and form bubbles which can then be separated from the liquid, where flotation process of gold aims to separate and produce a metal concentrate.

This flotation process produces metals from ore concentrates at the mine by separating valuable minerals from impurities that cover it. This flotation process is said to have been discovered by a miner who see the process of washing machine that is used as a means of washing the dirty work clothes, and the washers that generate bubbles in the foam.William Haynes in 1869 patented a process for separating sulfide and gangue minerals using oil and called it bulk-oil flotation. Flotation process was first commercialized in 1896 in copper mining in Llanelltyd Glasdir near Dolgellau in North Wales with sulphide mineral flotation processes conducted by Frank Elmore and his brother Stanley, and he is the developer of the copper mines.

Gold Separation Process In The Mining

The process of separation of concentrate mineral ore in a Gold Mining in general should be done in a gradual manner, and the function of the separation process is to separate gold ore minerals from mineral impurities or mineral carrier. 

From the newly excavated ore from mines with very low levels of about a few grams/tonne course still needs to be upgraded to high-grade gold ore reached levels above ten grams/tonne in the way of enrichment or concentration so that it becomes feasible to extract gold. 

In the separation of gold concentrate has a variety of methods and means used, begin the process of separation of gold in a simple way and gold separation by using a chemical reagent and modern equipment. Gold separation processes with chemical reactions can use the system Cyanidation Method , Froth Flotation, Heap Leaching, Gold Processing With Method Carbon In Pulp and others. 

Except for high-grade gold ore or Gold Ore that is naturally a large grain size, so grain can be seen with the naked eye or without a microscope, because the ore of this type can easily be separated by panning or by using a gold separator machine to separate the gold ore minerals with gravity system that will separate the mineral carrier with a grains of gold ore or proceed with the amalgamation of mercury, forming amalgam gold 

    In a mineral ore mining in order to produce an ore concentrate to generate, it would require a phase separation of the rock minerals into the Mill. Of the separation process will produce concentrate gold from ore mined by separating valuable minerals from the dirt that covered it. The main steps in the process of separating gold to earn gold concentrate is crushing, grinding, flotation, and drying. 

Change the scale of destruction and milling the ore into fine sand size in order to liberate granules containing copper and gold for the separation process and to prepare the appropriate size to the next process. Once the size of the ore is reduced, the process is then performed concentration by separating minerals from mineral impurities of gold, in order to obtain higher ore grades. 

 In Alluvial Gold Deposit, ore dug directly into the stage of the process of separating gold from mineral impurities without having to go through the mill, thus directly obtained concentrates of gold grains

In the separation of ore minerals there are two separation techniques, namely physical separation by gravity separation and chemical separation by flotation separation:

Gold Cyanide Method

 Gold cyanide method is the process of dissolution of gold ore using cyanide chemicals, because every atom of gold requires dissolution of the mineral carrier or impurity with the stoichiometry of two cyanide-soluble compounds.

Gold cyanide process begins with Carl Wilhelm Scheele had discovered that the gold will be dissolved by cyanide in aqueous solution. And this gold cyanide process he discovered in 1783.

Gold cyanide method is a basic method of the gold dissolution process is often used in gold mining around the world, and gold cyanide process has been patented in 1887. The chemical reaction that occurs when the dissolution of gold cyanide is:

     4 Au + 8 NaCN + O 2 + 2 H2O → 4 Na [Au (CN) 2] + 4 NaOH

In the process of redox, oxygen removes electrons from the gold four simultaneous with the transfer of protons (H +) from water.
Mines that have used the cyanide process of gold mineral dissolution is:

Tank Leaching Gold

        Tank leaching is a mineral ore processing system is leaching by cyanidation in a stirred tank. Usually the processing tank leaching systems are often used in processing gold ore minerals. Mineral extraction of gold cyanidation using a tank in mining has increased rapidly since the mid-1980s. Extraction of gold by using a tank leaching systems typically use a lot of multiple tanks in series within a building. Different from heap leaching are located at the open air. Gold leaching process carried out by stirring the gold ore is mixed with limestone and added with a solution of cyanide in a tank and aerated with air bubbles. The duration of stirring often for 24 hours in order to produce the optimum leaching. And efficiency tank leaching of about 92% to 98% gold content of rocks